In 1920 following the Polish-Lithuanian War and the Żeligowski's Mutiny, Vilnius region became part of the Republic of Central Lithuania. In 1922, after a disputed election to the Vilnius Sejm, Central Lithuania was incorporated by parliament into the Second Polish Republic. From 6 April 1922 to 20 January 1926 the territory was known as the Wilno Land. Wilno Voivodeship was created on 20 January 1926 from the territories of the Wilno Land. On 1 April 1927, Mołodeczno county and was created from parts of Vilejka, Ashmyany, Wołożyń and Stołpce countries. On 1 April 1929, Bienica gmina of Mołodeczno country was dissolved and was bounded to Wojstom gmina of Vilejka country. At same day, Kozłowszczyzna and Norzyca gminas of Postawy was dissolved and passed to Szarkowszczyzna and Głębokie gminas and of Dzisna country, Wierzchnie gmina of Dzisna was dissolved and passed to Postawy country, Jody gmina of Brasław country was dissolved and was passed to Szarkowszczyzna gmina of Dzisna country. It was formed as the last of the Polish voivodeships in the interbellum. Following the Soviet invasion in 1939, the Voivodeship was divided between the newly created Vileyka Voblast of the Belarusian SSR and independent Lithuania. This division wasn't internationally accepted. The Polish government-in-exile nominated Zygmunt Fedorowicz in 1942 as its representative for Wilno region. He was arrested by the NKVD in 1944. Currently the former territory of Wilno Voivodeship is divided between the Vilnius and Utenacounties in Lithuania and the Grodno, Minsk and VitebskRegions of Belarus.
Location
The Wilno Voivodeship had an area of 29,011 square kilometers and population - 1,276,000. The Voivodeship was located in northeastern corner of the country, bordering Soviet Union to the east, Lithuania to the west, Latvia to the north, Nowogródek Voivodeship to the south and Białystok Voivodeship to the south-west. Landscape was flat and hilly in parts, with several lakes. As of 1 January 1937, 21.2% of the area was forested.
Towns and administrative division
Wilno Voivodeship was created after the territory of the Republic of Central Lithuania was merged with the so-called Wilno Area. In the years 1922–1939 it was divided into 9 powiats : In 1931, the biggest city of the Voivodeship was Wilno, with 195 100 inhabitants. Apart from this city, Voivodeship was sparsely populated and lacked more urban centers. All other towns were very small, none of them reached the population larger than 10 000.
Population
According to the Polish census of 1931 the Voivodeship was inhabited by 1,276,000 people. Majority of population was Polish. Among minorities there were: Belarusians, Jews, Lithuanians and Russians. The population density was 44 persons per km2. The census has been criticized as inaccurate due to bias against the Belarusians and Lithuanians. Following the Polish territorial changes after World War II, a significant part of the Polish population was repatriated to the newly formed People's Republic of Poland as Wilno Voivodeship was split and incorporated into the Lithuanian and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republics. Many encountered difficulties in the repatriation process and were prevented from leaving. The Polish population that remained in Lithuania was subjected to attempts at Lithuanization, which were thwarted by Moscow, and to Russification and Sovietization policies.
Industry and transport
Wilno Voivodeship was located in the so-called Poland “B”, which meant that it was still underdeveloped, apart from the city of Wilno. Large part of population was poor, with high level of illiteracy. Railway network was scarce, with only few junctions - the most important one at Wilno, also at Molodeczno, Krolewszczyzna and Nowa Wilejka. Total length of railroads within Voivodeship's boundaries was 1,097 kilometres, which was only 3.8 per 100 square kilometres. Elektrit Radiotechnical Society was the largest privately owned company in Wilno. With over 1100 workers, the society produced approximately 50 thousand radio receivers annually.
