The Tunnel was a 90-minute black-and-whitedocumentary film that chronicled how three West Berlinuniversity students organized the escape of 26 friends and family members by digging a tunnel underneath the Berlin Wall from a former factory in West Berlin into the Communist East. Produced by Reuven Frank and narrated by Piers Anderton, it was an NBC White Paper installment that was broadcast on December 10, 1962 and sponsored by the Gulf Oil Corporation. The Tunnel earned three Emmy Awards in 1963. It was the only documentary to receive the award as The Program of the Year. It was also honored for Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Documentary and Outstanding Achievement in International Reporting. The Tunnel was the basis for a pair of similarly named German projects which were released just under four decades after the original. One was the 1999 documentary directed by Marcus Vetter, which featured the NBC footage accompanied by accounts from the actual participants. The other was the 2001 television movie production directed by Roland Suso Richter, which was loosely based on the events recorded in the original. Later, in 2019, the BBC released a ten-part radio documentary about the escape, based on original interviews with the survivors, documents from the Stasi archives, and the NBC recordings.
Production
NBC, who were in competition with CBS to be first to film a tunnel escape for their news programs, financed the excavation project, giving the students about $150,000 for exclusive rights to film them digging. An internal memo issued by Frank to the crew working on the documentary included the following outline of the goals of television news production:
Controversy and postponement
The National Broadcasting Company officially announced on October 11, 1962, that it was going to televise the documentary on October 31 from 7:30 p.m. to 9 p.m.. Reluctant to add to global tensions in light of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the television network decided on October 23 to indefinitely postpone the broadcast. The Kennedy administration had opposed airing the documentary, worried that NBC was increasing tensions between the United States and Russia at the height of the Cold War. Robert Kennedy, the president's brother and attorney general, was reported to have commented "That was a terrible thing you people did, buying that tunnel." Concerns about the ethics of NBC's involvement and the safety of the students were also expressed.
