Norwegian Armed Forces
The Norwegian Armed Forces is the military organisation responsible for the defence of Norway. It consists of four branches, the Norwegian Army, the Royal Norwegian Navy, which includes the Coast Guard, the Royal Norwegian Air Force, and the Home Guard, as well as several joint departments.
The military force in peace time is around 23,250 personnel including military and civilian staff, and around 63,250 in total with the current military personnel, conscripts and the Norwegian Home Guard in full mobilization.
An organised military was first assembled in Norway in the 9th century and was early focused around naval warfare. The army was created in 1628 as part of Denmark–Norway, followed by two centuries of regular wars. A Norwegian military was established in 1814, but the military did not see combat until the German occupation of Norway in 1940. Norway abandoned its position as a neutral country in 1949 to become a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The Cold War saw a large build-up of air stations and military bases, especially in Northern Norway. Since the 2000s, the military has transformed from a focus on defence from an invasion to a mobile force for international missions. Among European NATO members, the military expenditure of US$7.2 billion is the highest per capita.
Organisation
The formal commander-in-chief is King Harald V; however, the de facto supreme decision-making is made by the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. The Chief of Defence is the professional head and leader of the armed forces, and is the principal military adviser to the Minister of Defence. The Chief of Defence and his staff is located at Akershus Fortress in Oslo, while the Norwegian Joint Headquarters, responsible for commanding operations, is located in Bodø. The main naval base is Haakonsvern in Bergen, the main army camps are in Bardu, Målselv and Rena, and the main air station is Ørland.Military branches :
- Norwegian Army
- Royal Norwegian Navy
- Royal Norwegian Air Force
- Home Guard
- Norwegian Cyber Force
- Norwegian Special Operation Forces
- Defence Staff Norway in Oslo acts as the staff of the Chief of Defence. It is headed by a three-star general or admiral. DEFSTNOR assigns priorities, manages resources, provides force generation and support activities. Each of the four branches of defence is headed by a two-star general/admiral who are subordinate to DEFSTNOR.
- Norwegian Joint Headquarters located at Reitan, close to Bodø has operational control of Norwegian armed forces worldwide 24/7. It is headed by the Supreme Commander Norwegian Forces – a three-star general or admiral.
- Norwegian Defence Logistics Organisation at Kolsås outside Oslo is responsible for engineering, procurement, investment, supply, information and communications technology. It is also responsible for maintenance, repair and storage of material.
Conscription
Since 1985, women have been able to enlist for voluntary service as regular recruits. On 14 June 2013, the Norwegian Parliament voted to extend conscription to women. In 2015 conscription was extended to women making Norway the first NATO member and first European country to make national service compulsory for both men and women. There is a right of conscientious objection.
Structure
Joint
- 1 Norwegian Joint Headquarters in Bodø
- Norwegian Intelligence Service
- 12 Home Guard districts
- Tactical Mobile Land/Maritime Command
- Joint ISTAR Unit
- * Module based ISTAR Unit
- * Norwegian Coastal Ranger Command
- * Unmanned aerial vehicle capability
- Airborne Ground Surveillance
- Norwegian Home Guard – 45,000 personnel, rapid reaction forces, follow-on-forces, reinforcement forces and reserves.
- Capacity for information operations
- Norwegian Defence Security Department
- Flexible medical units
- NRBC protection
- Explosive Ordnance Disposal
- Joint C2I Unit
- Civil Military Coordination Unit
- Deployable logistical support
- 2 mobilisation host country battalions
Norwegian Army
From 1 August 2009 the Norwegian Army changed its structure:- Brigade Nord
- Army Weapons School
- HM the Kings Guard
- Garnisonen i Sør-Varanger
- Military Academy
- Logistics and Operational Support
- Operation Support Detachment
Royal Norwegian Navy
- 5 - 1 = 4 Fridtjof Nansen class Aegis frigates
- 6 Skjold class fast missile boats.
- 6 Ula class submarines
- Mine Warfare Capability
- * 6 Oksøy-class mine hunter and Alta-class minesweeper
- * Mine Clearance Command ; HNoMS Tyr support vessel
- Naval Special Warfare Group
- * Norwegian Coastal Ranger Command
- * Mine Clearance Command
- * Tactical Boat Squadron
- Logistics/Support Capacity
- Coast Guard
- * 1 Svalbard class vessel
- * 3 Barentshav class vessels
- * 3 Nordkapp-class OPV
- * Leased vessels
- * Inner coast guard
- * Tug capacity
- * Strategic Sealift
Royal Norwegian Air Force
- 72 + 2 F-16 Fighting Falcon about 50-60 operational.
- 2 Air Control Centre/Recognized Air picture Production Centre/Sensor Fusion post
- Strategic Airlift / Aerial refueling
- Maritime surveillance.
- Electronic Warfare
- Transport 4x C-130J Super Hercules
- Air Defence Artillery
- Air Wing for Special Forces
- 18 Bell 412 transport and light attack helicopters
- 6 NH-90 maritime helicopters
- Deployable base support
- 12 Sea King search and rescue helicopters.
Norwegian Home Guard
- Home Guard
Norwegian Cyber Defence Force
- Norwegian Cyber Defence Force
Norwegian Special Operation Forces
- Armed Forces' Special Command
- * Jegertroppen
- Navy Special Operation Command
Small arms and handguns
- Heckler & Koch MP5 – replaced by the MP7 in some positions
- Heckler & Koch MP7 - standard issue SMG
- Heckler & Koch HK416 – standard assault rifle
- M320 grenade launcher – used as a grenade launcher on the HK 416 and as a standalone weapon
- Heckler & Koch HK417
- Heckler & Koch G36 – special forces only,
- Colt Canada C7 rifle – special forces only
- Colt Canada C8 rifle – special forces only
- AG3 – former standard assault rifle; currently used by parts of the Home Guard. No longer in service
- Barrett M82
- Barrett MRAD
- Glock 17 – standard issue pistol, replaced by the MP7 in some positions
- Heckler & Koch USP – in use with special forces
- Rheinmetall MG3 – will be replaced by FN Minimi and FN MAG as crew weapon
- FN Minimi
- M2 Browning – known as 12,7 MITR
- M72 LAW – light anti-armour weapon
- Carl Gustav recoilless rifle – anti-armour weapon
- FGM-148 Javelin – anti-armour guided missile
- M320 Grenade Launcher Module
Citations