List of gomphothere fossils in South America


This is a list of gomphothere fossils found in South America. Gomphotheres were elephant-like mammals that lived from the Middle Miocene to the Holocene.
The following species have been described in twentieth and twenty-first century paleontological literature about South America.
An alternative proposal is considered within the scientific community, listed below.
Original classification
Proposed reclassification
Formations are ordered according to their youngest age

Argentina

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
Late PleistoceneUrundel Fm.Quebrada del Aguay, SaltaStegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneRío Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Santiago del EsteroStegomastodon platensis
Late PleistoceneSanta Clara Fm.Santa Clara del Mar, Mar Chiquita Partido, Buenos AiresStegomastodon platensis
Late PleistoceneSan Nicolás de los Arroyos, Buenos AiresStegomastodon platensis
Mid to Late PleistoceneYupoi Fm.Arroyo Toropí-Level 3, Bellavista, CorrientesStegomastodon sp.
Mid to Late PleistoceneLuján Fm.Luján, Buenos AiresStegomastodon superbus
Mid to Late PleistoceneLuján Fm.Playa del Barco, Monte Hermoso, El Conglomerado, Cascada Paleolama, Pehuen Có, Buenos AiresStegomastodon platensis
Mid to Late PleistoceneAviá Terai, ChacoStegomastodon platensis
Mid to Late PleistoceneBarranqueras, ChacoStegomastodon sp.
Mid to Late PleistoceneCharata, ChacoStegomastodon sp., Stegomastodon cf. platensis
Mid to Late PleistoceneCastelli, ChacoStegomastodon cf. platensis
PleistoceneEl Palmar Fm.Estancia El Palmar, Entre RíosStegomastodon platensis
PleistocenePunta Piedras, Punta Indio, Buenos AiresStegomastodon sp.
PleistoceneRío Carcarañá, Río Tercero, Santa FeMastodon sp.
PleistoceneBajada de Santa Fe, Entre RíosStegomastodon sp.
PleistocenePampa de Olaen, Córdobacf. Notiomastodon platensis
PleistoceneArroyo Feliciano Fm.San José de Feliciano, Entre RíosStegomastodon waringi
PleistoceneTapalqué, Buenos AiresStegomastodon waringi
PleistoceneArroyo Perucho Verna Fm.Villa Elisa, Entre RíosStegomastodon waringi
PleistoceneCharbonier Fm.Valle de Los Reartes, CórdobaStegomastodon platensis
PleistoceneTafí del Valle Fm.Tafí del Valle, TucumánGomphotheriidae indet.
Pleistocene-----

Bolivia

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
PleistoceneRío Rujero, TarijaCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneUlloma Fm.Río Desaguadero, Ulloma, OruroCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneAnzaldo, CochabambaCuvieronius sp.
PleistoceneBetanzos Basin, between Potosí and SucreCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneValle de Carohuaycho, between Camiri and CharaguaCuvieronius "andinum"
PleistoceneChiquitosCuvieronius "andinum"
PleistoceneVilla Montes, TarijaNotiomastodon platensis
Mid PleistoceneÑuapua Fm.Ñuapua 1, ChuquisacaStegomastodon sp.
Early PleistoceneTarija Fm.Tarija, TarijaCuvieronius hyodon, C. tropicus, Notiomastodon sp., Stegomastodon sp.

Brazil

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
HoloceneLagoa do Rumo/Chapada Diamantina, Baixa Grande, BahiaStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneGarrincho, São Raimundo Nonato, PiauíHaplomastodon chimborazi
Late PleistoceneToca da Janela da Barra do Antoniao, São Raimundo Nonato, PiauíHaplomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneGruta dos Brejões, Morro do Chapéu, BahiaStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneToca dos Ossos, Ourolândia, BahiaStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneFazenda Suse II, Vitória da Conquista, BahiaStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneJanaúba, Minas GeraisStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneGruta do Ingá, Pains, Minas GeraisStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistocenePoté, Minas GeraisStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneLapa do Caetano, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas GeraisStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneLajedo de Escada, Apodi, Rio Grande do NorteStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneCaverna do Japonês & Nascente do Formoso, Serra da Bodoquena, Bonito, Mato Grosso do SulStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistocenePicos II, Piranhas, AlagoasNotiomastodon platensis
Late PleistoceneTouro Passo Fm.Touro Passo Creek, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do SulGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneAguas do Araxá, Minas GeraisHaplomastodon waringi, Stegomastodon waringi
PleistoceneInajá Fm.Inajá, PernambucoHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneInajá Fm.Lage Grande, Pesqueira, PernambucoHaplomastodon chimborazi, Notiomastodon vidali
PleistoceneRoçado & Quixabinha, Petrolândia, PernambucoHaplomastodon sp.
PleistoceneSanta Cruz do Capibaribe & Panelas, PernambucoHaplomastodon sp.
PleistoceneÁguas Belas & Santa Maria da Boa Vista, PernambucoGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneLagoa das Pedras, Salgueiro, PernambucoHaplomastodon waringi
PleistoceneLagoa Lajinha, Petrolina, PernambucoStegomastodon waringi ""
PleistoceneFazenda Nova, Brejo da Madre de Deus, PernambucoStegomastodon sp. "", S. waringi, Notiomastodon platensis
PleistoceneJirau & João Cativo, Itapipoca, CearáNotiomastodon platensis
PleistoceneTaguara/Araras, Nova Mamoré & Porto Velho, RondôniaNotiomastodon platensis
PleistoceneSitio Novo, Matina, BahiaNotiomastodon platensis
PleistoceneVitória da Conquista, BahiaNotiomastodon platensis
PleistoceneFazenda Caraíba, Coronel João Sá, BahiaStegomastodon waringi, Notiomastodon platensis
PleistoceneSerro do Gronda, Espírito SantoHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneTaperoá, ParaíbaHaplomastodon sp.
PleistoceneUpper Ribeira, São PauloStegomastodon waringi
TortonianSolimões Fm.Río Acre, AcreAmahuacatherium peruvium

Chile

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
PleistoceneTaguatagua, O'HigginsC. hyodon
PleistoceneTierras Blancas & Los Vilos, La Ligua, ValparaísoC. hyodon
PleistoceneParral, Cauquenes, MauleCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneSan Pablo de Tramalhué, Pilauco Bajo, OsornoCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneRío Bueno, ValdiviaCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneParedones & ColchaguaCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneAlto de Boroa, TemucoCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneLimahuida, Río ChoapaCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneCasablancaCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneChillánCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneMonte VerdeC. hyodon
PleistoceneLagunillas, Valparaísocf. hyodon
PleistoceneCatapilco, La Liguacf. hyodon
PleistoceneMarchigüe, ColchaguaStegomastodon sp.
PleistoceneEl Trebal 1, Padre Hurtado, Metropolitan RegionStegomastodon platensis
PleistoceneRío Salado 1, Chiu ChiuGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneQuebrada Quereo Fm.QuereoGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneMalloco, SantiagoGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneAlgarroboGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneMelipillaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneCerrillos, SantiagoGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneChorro de la Vieja, ColchaguaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneCachaguaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneEstero de Coyanco, LajaGomphotheriidae indet.
PlioceneLas Pozas/ChacabucoC. tropicus

Colombia

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
HoloceneQuaternary alluviumYumbo, Valle del CaucaStegomastodon waringi
HoloceneQuaternary alluviumTurbaná, BolívarStegomastodon waringi
Late Pleistocene Sabana Fm.Tibitó, Checua, Bosa, Guasca, Guatavita, Soacha, Tunjuelito, Pubenza & Mosquera, Tocancipá, Bogotá savanna, CundinamarcaCuvieronius hyodon, Haplomastodon waringi or H. chimborazi
Late Pleistocene Curití, SantanderHaplomastodon chimborazi
Late Pleistocene Soatá Fm.Soatá, BoyacáHaplomastodon waringi
Late Pleistocene Rotinet Fm.Rotinet, Repelón, AtlánticoHaplomastodon waringi
Middle PleistoceneTocaima, CundinamarcaHaplomastodon waringi
PleistoceneArboleda, NariñoHaplomastodon sp.
PleistoceneMercaderes, CaucaHaplomastodon sp.
PleistoceneEl Remolino, Taminango, NariñoHaplomastodon sp.
PleistoceneToro, Valle del CaucaStegomastodon sp.
PleistoceneMedellín, AntioquiaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneEl Cocuy, BoyacáGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneDuitama, BoyacáGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneSáchica, BoyacáGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneSocotá, BoyacáGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneTunja, BoyacáGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneVilla de Leyva, BoyacáGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneSalamina, CaldasGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneFusagasugá, CundinamarcaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneCarrizal, Uribia, La GuajiraGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneCabrera & San Alfonso, Villavieja, HuilaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneCúcuta, Norte de SantanderGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistocenePamplona, Norte de SantanderGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneAgualinda, Lebrija, SantanderGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneVélez, SantanderGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneIbagué, TolimaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneOrtega, TolimaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneLa Victoria, Valle del CaucaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneZarzal, Valle del CaucaGomphotheriidae indet.

Ecuador

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
Mid to Late PleistoceneTablazo Fm.Río Cañas, Montecristi, ManabíHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneImbabura, ImbaburaCuvieronius hyodon
PleistoceneRegion de La Paz, CarchiHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneHacienca Pucará, CarchiHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneCalderón/Carapungo, Quito, PichinchaHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneAlangasí, Quito, PichinchaHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistocenePunín, Chalán, ChimborazoHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneTumbaco, PichinchaHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneLlano Chico, Quito, PichinchaHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneQuebrada La Tola, Quito, PichinchaHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneCheca, PichinchaHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneLa Carolina, Santa ElenaHaplomastodon guayasensis
PleistoceneTanque Loma, Santa ElenaGomphotheriidae indet.
PleistoceneQuebrada Pistud, Bolívar, CarchiHaplomastodon chimborazi
PleistoceneBaños, CuencaCuvieronius hyodon

Paraguay

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
PleistoceneGeneral Bruguer/Riacho Negro, Presidente HayesStegomastodon sp.
PleistocenePuerto Santa Rosa, San Pedrocf. Notiomastodon

Peru

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
Late PleistoceneLa Brea, Talara, PiuraStegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneCupinisque Desert, La LibertadStegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneOcucaje, IcaStegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneQuebrada El Jahuay, ArequipaStegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneLa Huaca, PiuraStegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneAyusbamba, CuzcoCuvieronius hyodon
Late PleistoceneQuipan, Canta, LimaStegomastodon waringi
Late PleistocenePasamayo Quarry, LimaStegomastodon waringi
PleistoceneSacaco 2, ArequipaStegomastodon sp.
PleistoceneCelendín, CajamarcaStegomastodon sp.
TortonianMadre de Dios Fm.Cerro Colorado, Madre de DiosAmahuacatherium peruvium

Uruguay

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
Late PleistoceneDolores Fm.Campo Viñoles, Cerro LargoStegomastodon waringi
Mid to Late PleistoceneDolores Fm.Casil Quarry, MontevideoStegomastodon waringi

Venezuela

AgeFormationLocationPresent elevationFossilsNotes
Late PleistoceneCucuruchú, BarquisimetoHaplomastodon chimborazi
Late PleistoceneTaima-Taima, FalcónHaplomastodon sp., Stegomastodon waringi
Late PleistoceneSan Miguel, Lara?Stegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneQuíbor, Lara?Stegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneQuebrada de Guadalupe, LaraStegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneSan Juan de los Morros, GuáricoStegomastodon sp.
Late PleistoceneLos Guamos, Trujillo?Cuvieronius sp.
Late PleistoceneMinas de Guaniamo, Cedeño, BolívarGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneLos Guayos, Guacara, CaraboboGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneZanja de Lira, CojedesGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneLa Ciénega,, FalcónGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneCoro, FalcónGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneCamaguán, GuáricoGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneBarbacoas, LaraGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneCarora, LaraGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneLa Cruz, Guardagallos, Quebrada del Totumo, Urdaneta, LaraGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneEl Anís, MéridaGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneMaturín, MonagasGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneMundo Nuevo, MonagasGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneOrocual, MonagasGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneCumanacoa, SucreGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneAgua Viva, TrujilloGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneSerranía del Perijá, ZuliaGomphotheriidae indet.
Late PleistoceneMinas de Guasare-Socuy, ZuliaGomphotheriidae indet.

Proposed reclassification

Some authors, Lucas, Mothé, Avilla et al., propose a reclassification of the South American gomphotheres as follows:
Other researchers as Labarca, Prado and Alberdi agree with the placement of species into Notiomastodon, but reject the idea of a single species. They continue to use Stegomastodon waringi for South American gomphotheres from Chile.

Evolution

Publications South America