List of Hungarian Jews
This is a list of Hungarian Jews. There has been a Jewish presence in today's Hungary since Roman times, long before the actual Hungarian nation. Jews fared particularly well under the Ottoman Empire, and after emancipation in 1867. At its height, the Jewish population of historical Hungary numbered more than 900,000, but the Holocaust and emigration, especially during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, has reduced that to around 100,000, most of whom live in Budapest and its suburbs.
This is a list of anyone who could be reliably described as "Hungarian" and is of significant Jewish heritage. See List of Hungarian Americans for descendants of Hungarian émigrés born in America, a significant number of whom are of Jewish ancestry.
The names are presented in the Western European convention of the given name preceding the family name, whereas in Hungary, the reverse is true, as in most Asian cultures.
Historical figures
- Leó Frankel, one of the leaders of the Paris Commune
- Gyula Germanus, islamologist,
- Ignác Goldziher, islamologist
- Tivadar Herzl, spiritual founder of Israel
- Béla Kun, de facto leader of Hungary for 4 months in 1919
- Max Nordau, co-founder of the World Zionist Organization
- Tom Lantos
- György Lukács
- Trebitsch Lincoln, British adventurer
- Georges Politzer
- Joseph Pulitzer, newspaper publisher
- Sándor Radó Switzerland-based Soviet master spy in World War II
- Mátyás Rákosi, de facto leader of Hungary, 1947–1956
- Ervin Szabó director of the Budapest Public Library System, 1911–1918
- Tibor Szamuely, politician
- Ármin Vámbéry, orientalist and traveler
- Vilmos Vázsonyi, first Jewish Justice minister of Hungary, 1917–1918
Athletes
Boxing
- György Gedó, Olympic champion light flyweight
Canoeing
- László Fábián, sprint canoer, Olympic champion, 4x world champion and one silver
- Imre Farkas, sprint canoer, 2x Olympic bronze
- Klára Fried-Bánfalvi, sprint canoer, Olympic bronze, world champion
- Anna Pfeffer, sprint canoer, Olympic 2x silver, bronze ; world champion, silver, 2x bronze
Fencing
- Péter Bakonyi, saber, Olympic 3x bronze
- Ilona Elek, foil fencer; Olympic gold-medal winner, and world champion, both before and after World War II
- Dr. Dezső Földes, saber, 2x Olympic champion
- Dr. Jenő Fuchs, saber, 4x Olympic champion
- Tamás Gábor, épée, Olympic champion
- János Garay, saber, Olympic champion, silver, bronze, killed by the Nazis
- Dr. Oskar Gerde, saber, 2x Olympic champion, killed by the Nazis
- Dr. Sándor Gombos, saber, Olympic champion
- Endre Kabos, saber, 3x Olympic champion, bronze, killed while performing forced labour for the Nazis
- Attila Petschauer, saber, 2x team Olympic champion, silver, killed by the Nazis
- Zoltán Ozoray Schenker, Hungarian Olympic champion saber fencer
- Ildikó Újlaky-Rejtő, foil, 2x Olympic champion
- Lajos Werkner, saber, 2x Olympic champion
- George Worth, born György Woittitz, Hungarian-born American Olympic medalist fencer
Figure skating
- Lily Kronberger, World Championship 4x gold, 2x bronze, World Figure Skating Hall of Fame
- Emília Rotter, pair skater, World Championship 4x gold, silver, 2x Olympic bronze
- László Szollás, pair skater, World Championship gold, silver, 2x Olympic bronze
Gymnastics
- Samu Fóti, Olympic silver
- Imre Gellért, Olympic silver
- Ágnes Keleti, 5 time Olympic champion, 3 time silver, 2x bronze, International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
- Alice Kertész, Olympic champion, silver ; world silver
Soccer (association football)
- Gyula Bíró, midfielder/forward
- Alfréd Brüll first owner of MTK Budapest FC
- Sándor Geller, goalkeeper, Olympic champion
- Béla Guttmann, midfielder, national team player & international coach
- Gyula Mándi, half back and manager
- Árpád Orbán, Olympic champion
- Peter Fuzes, born in Hungary; soccer goalkeeper for Sydney Hakoah club and Australia, Maccabi Hall of Fame 2003. Played 1st grade 1964 till 1976; International career From 1966 to 1972, against Scotland 1967, Greece 1969, Israel 1969 & 1972. Played against various European club sides including AS ROMA 1966, Manchester United at the time of Bobby Charlton & Dennis Law.
- Vilmos Kertész, Hungarian international
- Adolf Kertész, Hungarian international
Swimming
- Andrea Gyarmati, Olympic silver and bronze ; world championships bronze, International Swimming Hall of Fame
- Alfréd Hajós, 3x Olympic champion, International Swimming Hall of Fame
- Michael "Miki" Halika, Israel, 200-m butterfly, 200- and 400-m individual medley
- József Munk, Olympic silver
- Rebecca Soni, her grandfather was born in Nagyvárad
- Mark Spitz, his great grandfather was born in Hungary
- László Szabados, Olympic bronze
- András Székely, Olympic silver and bronze ; died in a Nazi concentration camp
- Éva Székely, Olympic champion & silver ; International Swimming Hall of Fame; mother of Andrea Gyarmati
- Judit Temes, Olympic champion, bronze
- Imre Zachár, Olympic silver
Table tennis
- Viktor Barna, 22 time world champion, International Table Tennis Foundation Hall of Fame
- Laszlo Bellak, 7 time world champion, ITTFHoF
- Anna Sipos, 11 time world champion, ITTFHoF
- Miklós Szabados, 15 time world champion
Tennis
- Zsuzsa Körmöczy, won 1958 French Open Singles, world # 2.
Track and field
- Ödön Bodor, Olympic bronze
- Ibolya Csák, Olympic champion & European champion high jumper
- Mór Kóczán, javelin, Olympic bronze
Water polo
- Robert Antal, Olympic champion
- István Barta, Olympic champion, gold
- György Bródy,, goalkeeper, 2 time Olympic champion
- Dezső Gyarmati, Olympic water polo player & captain
- György Kárpáti, 3 time Olympic champion, 1 time bronze
- Béla Komjádi water polo player and coach, International Swimming Hall of Fame
- Mihály Mayer, 2 time Olympic champion, 2 time bronze
- Miklós Sárkány, 2 time Olympic champion
Wrestling
- Károly Kárpáti, Olympic champion, silver
Other sports
- Paul Havas, Columbia quarterback
- Ferenc Kemény, co-founder and first secretary of the IOC
Olympic gold medalists at the Summer Games
Before the Holocaust
Hungarian Jews, while comprising some 5% of the population of Hungary, won 8 individual gold medals for Hungary out of 26 in the Olympic sports events between 1896 and 1936. In each of the 7 gold winning teams, there were Hungarian Jews making up 35.8% of the teams.1896
- Alfréd Hajós-Guttman swimming, 100-meter freestyle, 1,500-meter freestyle
1906
- Alfréd Hajós-Guttman, swimming, 800-meter freestyle relay
1908
- Dezső Földes, fencing, team saber
- Dr.Jenő Fuchs, fencing, individual saber, team saber
- Dr. Oszkár Gerde, fencing, team saber
- Lajos Werkner, fencing, team saber
- Richard Weisz, Greco-Roman wrestling, heavyweight
1912
- Dezső Földes, fencing, team saber
- Dr. Jenő Fuchs, fencing, individual saber, team saber
- Dr. Oszkár Gerde, fencing, team saber
- Lajos Werkner, fencing, team saber
1924
- Alfred Hajós, Olympic art competition, architecture
1928
- János Garay, fencing, team saber
- Dr. Sándor Gombos, fencing, team saber
- Attila Petschauer, fencing, team saber
- Dr. Ferenc Mező, Olympic art competition, epic works
1932
- István Barta, water polo
- György Brody, water polo
- Miklós Sárkány, water polo
- Endre Kabos, fencing, team saber
- Attila Petschauer, fencing, team saber
1936
- György Bródy, water polo
- Miklos Sárkány, water polo
- Endre Kabos, fencing, individual saber, team saber
- Ilona Elek, individual foil
- Károly Kárpáti, freestyle wrestling, lightweight
After the Holocaust, 1948-1972
In individual sports events, Hungary won 48 gold medals between 1948 and 1972. Sportsmen and mainly sportswomen of Jewish extraction won 10 gold medals. Hungarian Jewish women won 7 gold medals out of the 15 individual gold medals won by Hungarian women. In the 19 gold medal winning teams for Hungary, 9 had Jewish members.
There are no known Hungarian Jewish gold medalist since 1976. Overall, Hungarian Jews won 15.4% of the 117 individual gold medals of Hungary, and had part in at least 16 out of the 42 gold medals in team events.
1948
- Ilona Elek, individual foil
1952
- Robert Antal, water polo
- Sándor Gellér, soccer
- Ágnes Keleti, gymnastics, floor exercises
- Éva Székely, swimming, 200-meter breaststroke
1956
- Ágnes Keleti
- * gymnastics, asymmetrical bars, floor exercises, balance beam,
- * team exercise with portable apparatus
- Aliz Kertész, gymnastics, team exercise with portable apparatus
- László Fábián, kayak pairs, 10,000-meters
1960
- Gyula Török, boxing, flyweight
1964
- Tamás Gábor, fencing, team épée
- Ildikó Rejtő, fencing, individual and team foil
- Árpád Orbán, soccer
1968
- Mihály Hesz, kayak, K1 1000m
1972
- Gyorgy Gedó, boxing, light flyweight
Artists
- Imre Ámos, painter, born 1907 in Nagykálló, killed during the Holocaust
- Robert Capa, photographer
- Béla Czóbel
- Adolf Fényes
- André François, painter and graphic artist
- György Goldmann, sculptor
- Lucien Hervé, born Laszlo Elkan, photographer, known best for his architectural photographs, particularly those associated with Le Corbusier.
- Béla Iványi-Grünwald
- André Kertész, born Andor Kertész, photographer, photo-essayist
- Ervin Marton
- László Moholy-Nagy
- Nickolas Muray, photographer, born Miklós Mandl, Szeged HU, 1892-1965 New York City, and Olympic fencer. Known for his advances in commercial photography, most notably the first use of color film.
- Izsák Perlmutter
- Kermit Weinberger, artist, designer, famous for his Las Vegas neon creations. Born to Jewish Hungarian parents.
Business
Businessmen
- Leo Castelli, Trieste-born American art dealer of note.
- Paul Reichmann's parents were born in Hungary
- Sándor Hatvany-Deutsch
- George Soros, Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist
- Andrew Grove, one of the founders and the CEO of Intel
- Sholam Weiss, bankruptcy specialist
- Jim Breyer, Venture Capatalist
Industrialists and bankers
- Móric Fischer de Farkasházy, founder the Herend Porcelain Manufactory in 1839
- Leó Lánczy
- Jenő Vida
- Ferenc Chorin
- Fülöp Weisz
Chess players
- Rudolph Charousek
- Isidor Gunsberg
- Ignatz von Kolisch
- Andor Lilienthal
- Johann Löwenthal
- Judit Polgár
- Susan Polgár
- Zsófia Polgár
- Richard Réti
- Adolf Schwarz
- Endre Steiner
- Herman Steiner
- Lajos Steiner
- László Szabó
Film and stage
Actors
- Eva Bartok
- Tony Curtis; his parents were born in Mátészalka.
- Miklós Gábor
- Zsa Zsa Gabor, born in Budapest, Hungary
- Dezső Garas
- Gyula Gózon
- Leslie Howard's father was born in Hungary
- Gyula Kabos
- Harry Houdini born in Budapest, Hungary
- Hedy Lamarr
- Kálmán Latabár
- Peter Lorre
- László Márkus
- Imre Ráday
- Márton Rátkai
- Kálmán Rózsahegyi
- Eva Six
- Paul Newman
- Zoltán Várkonyi
Directors, screenwriters, and industry
- George Cukor, film director
- Michael Curtiz, born Manó Kertész Kaminer, film director
- Judit Elek, film director and screenwriter
- Béla Gaál film director
- Viktor Gertler, film editor and director
- Harry Houdini
- Alexander Korda, born Sándor László Kellner, brother of Vincent and Zoltan Korda, film producer and director
- Vincent Korda, born Vincent Kellner, brother of Alexander and Zoltan Korda, art director
- Zoltán Korda, born Zoltán Kellner, brother of Alexander and Vincent Korda, film screenwriter, director, and producer
- László Nemes, film director
- Paul Newman's father was born in Hungary, as was his Catholic mother
- Joe Pasternak
- Emeric Pressburger
- S. Z. Sakall
- István Szabó, film director, screenwriter, and opera director
- István Székely film director
- János Szász, film director
- Alexandre Trauner
- Rachel Weisz's father was born in Hungary
- Adolph Zukor, founder of Paramount Pictures
Historians
- Ignác Acsády, historian
- Ignác Kúnos, linguist
- John Lukacs, historian
- Géza Vermes, historian
Inventors and scientists
- László Bíró, inventor of the ballpoint pen
- Marcel Breuer architect
- Dennis Gabor, inventor of the holography
- David Gestetner, inventor of the stencil duplicator
- Peter Carl Goldmark, inventor of long-playing records
- András Gróf, pioneer of the semiconductor industry, CEO of Intel
- Rudolf E. Kálmán of Kalman filter
- Gedeon Richter, pharmaceuticals; inventor and industrialist
- David Schwarz, inventor of the Zeppelin
- Charles Weissmann, biochemist
- Eugene Wigner, physicist and Nobel laureate
- Gabor A. Somorjai the "father" of modern surface-chemistry, leading world-expert on heterogeneous catalysis by metal surfaces
Nobel Prize winners
- Robert Bárány** - Medicine;
- György Hevesy - Chemistry;
- Jenő Wigner - Physics;
- Dénes Gábor - Physics;
- Milton Friedman ** - Economics
- János Polányi ** - Chemistry;
- Elie Wiesel ** - Peace;
- János Harsányi - Economics;
- Imre Kertész - Literature;
- Ferenc Herskó - Chemistry
Physicists
- Dennis Gabor
- Theodore von Kármán
- John von Neumann
- Paul Nemenyi
- Leó Szilárd
- Edward Teller
- László Tisza
- Eugene Wigner
Social scientists
- Peter Thomas Bauer, economist
- Milton Friedman, his parents emigrated from Beregszász, then in Hungary.
- Frank Furedi, sociologist
- John Harsanyi, economist, game theory; Nobel laureate
- Nicholas Kaldor, British economist
- János Kornai, economist
- Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner, educationist and orientalist
- Karl Mannheim sociologist,
- Adolf Neubauer, Hebraist
- Karl Polanyi, economist and philosopher
Mathematicians
- Raoul Bott
- Arthur Erdélyi
- Paul Erdős
- Lipót Fejér
- Michael Fekete
- László Fuchs
- Tibor Gallai
- Géza Grünwald
- Alfréd Haar
- Paul Halmos
- László Kalmár
- John Kemeny
- Dénes Kőnig
- Gyula Kőnig
- Imre Lakatos
- Kornél Lőwy
- Peter Lax
- John von Neumann
- Rózsa Péter
- George Pólya
- Tibor Radó
- Alfréd Rényi
- Frigyes Riesz
- Marcel Riesz
- Lajos Schlesinger
- Otto Szász
- Gábor Szegő
- Peter Szüsz
- Pál Turán
- Abraham Wald
- Eugene Wigner
Music
Composers
- Pál Ábrahám
- Károly Goldmark
- Gábor Darvas
- André Hajdu,composer, educator
- Imre Kálmán
- György Kurtág
- Sándor Kuti, composer
- György Ligeti
- Miklós Rózsa, composer
- Rezső Seress
- Sándor Vándor, composer, educator
- László Weiner, composer
- Leó Weiner, composer
Conductors
- Ádám Fischer
- Ivan Fischer
- Ferenc Fricsay
- György Justus, composer, musicologist, choir master
- István Kertész
- Jenő Ormándy
- Fritz Reiner
- Sir Georg Solti
- György Széll
Musicians
- Pál Budai, pianist, composer
- Ádám Fischer, conductor
- Peter Frankl, pianist
- Endre Granat, violinist
- István Kertész, conductor
- Ervin Nyiregyházi, pianist
- György Pauk, violinist
- Tommy Ramone, drummer for The Ramones
- János Sándor, conductor
- Ervin Schiffer, violist
- György Schiffer, cellist
- Georg Solti, conductor
Performers of music
- Gitta Alpár - voice, soprano & actress
- Geza Anda- piano
- Ilona Fehér - violin
- Annie Fischer - piano
- Joseph Joachim - violin
- Endre Granat - violin
- Klara Korda - violin
- István Nádas - piano
- György Pauk - violin
- László Polgár - voice, bass
- Ede Reményi - violin
- Márk Rózsavölgyi - violin
- András Schiff - piano
- János Starker - violoncello
- Mihály Székely - voice, bass
- Joseph Szigeti - violin
Psychoanalysts
- Michael Balint, psychoanalyst
- René Spitz, psychoanalyst.
- Sándor Ferenczi, psychoanalyst.
- Géza Róheim
- Lipót Szondi, psychiatrist
- Thomas Szasz, psychiatrist
Religious figures
Writers
- Béla Balázs, poet & film critic
- Tibor Déry
- György Faludy
- Milán Füst
- Ágnes Heller.
- Ferenc Karinthy
- Imre Kertész, winner, Nobel Prize in Literature
- Arthur Koestler, novelist & critic
- György Konrád
- Rudolf Lothar, dramatist
- György Lukács, Marxist literary critic and philosopher.
- Kati Marton
- George Mikes
- György Moldova
- Ferenc Molnár
- Péter Nádas
- István Örkény
- Károly Pap
- Erno Polgar
- Giorgio Pressburger
- Miklós Radnóti, poet
- Endre Nagy, creator of Hungarian cabaret
- Jenő Rejtő
- György Spiró
- Gábor T. Szántó
- Antal Szerb
- Ephraim Kishon, Born as Ferenc Hoffmann, Hungarian-Israeli prolific world-read writer and satirist, and film director.
- Dezső Szomory
- Paul Tenczer
- József Vészi
- Elie Wiesel, writer, Nobel Peace Prize
- Béla Zsolt writer of Kilenc Koffer
Families ennobled between 1874 and 1918 (mainly industrialists)
- Biedermann – 1902
- Dirsztay – 1905
- Engel – 1879
- Groedl – 1900
- Gutmann – 1905
- Harkányi – 1904
- Hatvany – 1917
- Hatvany-Deutsch – 1895
- Hazai – 1912
- Herczel – 1912
- Herzog – 1904
- Kohner – 1904
- Korányi – 1912
- Kornfeld – 1908
- Königswarter – 1897
- Kuffner – 1904
- Lévay – 1897
- Madarassy-Beck – 1906
- Nauman – 1906
- Ohrenstein – 1913
- Orosdy – 1905
- Posner Karl
- Schosberger – 1890
- Tornyai-Schosberger – 1905
- Ulmann – 1918
- Weiss – 1918
- Wodianer – 1874
- Wolfner – 1918
General references