Exos Aerospace is based on both technologies and people from Armadillo Aerospace, a company founded by video game developerJohn Carmack. Armadillo had competed for the Ansari X Prize for commercial human suborbital spaceflight in the early 2000s and later developed a series of suborbital vehicles. In August 2013, Carmack placed Armadillo in "hibernation" following the crash of their STIG-B rocket and began "actively looking for outside investors to restart work on the company’s rockets". Exos Aerospace was founded in May 2014; former employees of Armadillo Aerospace were a significant part of the founding team. Exos was created to carry on the reusable commercial space craft started by Armadillo Aerospace. Exos even set up their operations in one of Armadillo's former facilities at the Caddo Mills Municipal Airport, in Texas. In 2015, the assets of Armadillo Aerospace were formally sold to Exos Aerospace.
Overview
Exos Aerospace is focused on suborbital research rockets with an intent of initially launching micro satellites and eventually progressing to autonomous spaceflight. Exos Aerospace is developing the SARGE family for its suborbital vehicles. All research and development is based at the new manufacturing facility in Greenville, Texas. This is inclusive of rocket design, fabrication, assembly, storage and testing. Engines up to 5,000-lbf nominal thrust can be tested on a static test skid at the hangar complex. The company is a NASA REDDI provider and is targeting to qualify to be a NASA IDIQ provider under the Flight Opportunities program. Due to its re-usability, Exos intends to leverage the reusability of the SARGE rocket in development of its orbital technology program that will be manufacturing their Orbital vehicle in a new State of the Art facility in the Basilicata region of Italy.
SARGE
The SARGE, an acronym of Suborbital Autonomous Rocket with GuidancE, is a suborbital rocket based on the STIG-B rocket platform developed as part of Armadillo Aerospace's lunar lander program. The SARGE vehicle employs a LOX-ethanol propulsion module based on the LE23000FC series engines, producing approximately 5500 lbs of thrust. The airframe is a reusable sounding rocket with a diameter, and is tall. Helium pressurant cold gas thrusters provide attitude control for pitch-roll-yaw and pointing capability. Payload must fit inside a diameter cylinder, be no more than tall and weigh no more than. Exos plans to use this technology as the design basis for a reusable launch vehicle capable of carrying 100kg to low Earth orbit. The SARGE suborbital sounding rocket is designed to be reusable. As of 27 October 2019, no SARGE rocket had reached its intended suborbital altitude, and thus the rocket has not demonstrated its reusability. EXOS Aerospace operates from Spaceport America. On 14 February 2018, the Federal Aviation Administration issued Exos Aerospace a Reusable Vehicle Mission Launch License.
Launches
;First On 25 August 2018, Exos flew an unsuccessful Pathfinder Mission proving SARGE as a Reusable Launch Vehicle. Due to a malfunction of an onboard GPS receiver, the flight was terminated with an engine shutdown prematurely. The rocket reached an altitude of 28 km. ;Second The second launch of SARGE took place on 2 March 2019. Due to winds, the flight reached an altitude of 20 km. It carried several small research payloads. ;Third On 29 June 2019, at 18:00, UTC Exos Aerospace conducted a SARGE launch at the Spaceport America in New Mexico. The flight failed seconds into the flight due to loss of control. The rocket was however recovered intact. This was the third SARGE flight, with previous flights in August 2018 and March 2019. The previous flights also suffered issues that prevented the rocket from reaching the planned altitude. The third flight was carrying educational, research and technology demonstration payloads to nine customers. Among them were a biomedical experiment from the Mayo Clinic and dust aggregation experiment from University of Central Florida. The status of payloads is unknown, but probably they were recovered intact. ;Fourth The fourth flight on 26 October 2019, 17:42 UTC, ended in failure. The flight suffered multiple failures: first, the rocket lost control of attitude seconds after launch. Second, the rocket appears to have disintegrated to some degree as several pieces of debris felt back to the ground. Third, the launch vehicle separated from the drogue. Rather than land softly as it had on previous flights, it returned uncontrolled and at high speed. The rocket body crashed near the launch pad nearly three and a half minutes after liftoff. Live footage seems to indicate the nose cone was properly returning under a parachute canopy. The rocket reached a peak altitude of about, far short of the planned altitude of at least 80 kilometers. The flight carried several small research payloads. Exos Aerospace concluded that the failure of the fourth flight was due to structural failure. They plan to build a second SARGE rocket to continue flying.
