British Army incremental infantry companies


The British Army primarily divides its infantry into regiments, which are subdivided into battalions. However, for various reasons, since the end of the Second World War it has also maintained companies that are independent of a particular battalion or regiment.

Disbanded battalions

In the 1960s, a policy began to be implemented intended to move the infantry away from collections of regiments made up of just single battalions, towards what came to be known as "large regiments", made up of a number of battalions, which would be formed by the amalgamation of several existing regiments. Between 1964 and 1968, a total of six of these multi-battalion regiments were formed, before a policy change saw the process halted. As part of this however, there were additional plans to reduce the size of the infantry, through the disbanding or amalgamation of individual battalions. Again however, after the first round of disbandings and amalgamations, the policy was halted, with those battalions intended for removal instead reduced in size to a single company. A total of seven battalions had units reduced in this way:
A number of the incremental companies were posted to various locations overseas during their existence. Three were posted on roulement tours to Gibraltar as part of the local British Garrison - Balaklava Company, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders between May and November 1971; Minden Company, Royal Hampshire Regiment between November 1971 and January 1972; and Tiger Company, Royal Anglian Regiment between December 1971 and May 1972. All three served alongside the 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, which was the resident infantry battalion in the territory during that period. Tiger Company was also posted on a roulement tour of Northern Ireland between March and July 1974. Two of the three incremental companies formed following the suspension of 2nd Battalion, Scots Guards also undertook operational taskings, with F Company attached to the 1st Battalion, Irish Guards between October 1970 and January 1972 during that unit's posting as a resident infantry battalion in Hong Kong, while S Company formed the resident infantry unit in British Honduras from January to August 1971 before returning to the UK for attachment to 1st Battalion, Grenadier Guards. A further operational posting came between October 1970 and May 1971 when R Company, Royal Green Jackets was attached to the UNFICYP forces in Cyprus.
Aside from operational taskings, some of the incremental companies were retained for various duties at home. 2nd Battalion Company, Scots Guards was stationed in Edinburgh throughout its existence from March 1971 to January 1972, where it undertook public duties, as well as recruitment and training tasks, which included service as OPFOR during an exercise undertaken in Scotland by 24 Airportable Brigade. Tiger Company, Royal Anglian Regiment also saw two periods as the Demonstration Infantry Company, providing OPFOR duties, at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. These were between October 1970 and November 1971, and between July 1974 and July 1975. Interspersed between its various taskings, Tiger Company was reduced to a cadre between September 1972 and November 1973, serving as a training unit at the Junior Soldiers Wing in Canterbury. Albuhera Company, Queen's Regiment was utilised as a recruiting team throughout its existence between January 1971 and November 1973.
By late 1971, the British Army's commitment to Northern Ireland was such that it was having difficulty meeting other obligations, most particularly to NATO. As a consequence, the government elected to raise an additional four infantry battalions in an effort to meet its commitments both to the security situation in Northern Ireland and ensure that the British Army of the Rhine was not impeded. In January 1972, the four battalions were raised from four of the existing incremental companies:
After their reformation, between July 1972 and November 1974, the four battalions conducted a total of nine operational roulement tours of Northern Ireland, with a company of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders also deployed in March 1973 to act as security during the 1973 referendum alongside a company of the 2nd Battalion, Grenadier Guards.
Additionally, the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Gurkha Rifles was reformed in Hong Kong as part of a stabilisation of the size of the Brigade of Gurkhas at five infantry battalions - under the late 1960s defence cuts it had been planned to reduce this down to four battalions. The obligations faced by the infantry led to an alteration of this proposal, with three battalions of Gurkhas stationed in Hong Kong and one in Brunei, together with the regular posting of a Gurkha battalion to the United Kingdom for the first time. 2/2 GR was initially stationed in Hong Kong on its reformation, before moving to Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Church Crookham in 1975.

Public duties

The British Army maintains a total of four incremental companies to serve as permanent public duties units in London and Edinburgh. Of these, three are from regiments of foot guards, with the fourth from a line infantry regiment.

Foot Guards

The Guards Division of the British Army contains a total of five battalions, one from each of the five regiments of Foot Guards. However, before the Options for Change defence review in 1992, there were eight battalions:
The cuts made to the infantry under Options for Change included three battalions of Guards. However, rather than disbanding them, the 2nd Battalions of each of the first three regiments were placed in "suspended animation" - although they would not be active, they would still be listed on the Army Roll, and could be reactivated should they be needed. In order to maintain the traditions of each battalion, and to keep custody of the colours, three companies were kept active, one to represent each battalion:
These three units were based permanently at Chelsea Barracks in London on public duties until Chelsea Barracks was sold off by the army. They represent the suspended battalions at significant events, such as Trooping the Colour, and receive the battalion's new colours whenever they are presented. As such, each company is an independent unit of their regiment, separate from the operational battalions. In 2010, with the closure of Chelsea Barracks, the three companies were moved and are now permanently based at Wellington Barracks. All new guardsmen completing the Combat Infantry Course at the Infantry Training Centre and going to either the Grenadier, Coldstream or Scots Guards will be sent first to the incremental company for between six and nine months, where they will be able to receive further training before they are then posted to the regiment's operational battalion.
Although neither the Grenadier or Coldstream Guards had previously had incremental companies formed from their 2nd battalions, between March 1971 and January 1972 the 2nd Battalion, Scots Guards was reduced to a single company as a result of defence cuts. Additionally, F Company was also retained to serve as a reinforcement unit attached to the Irish Guards. Options for Change also saw the retention of a second company from the Grenadier Guards, when Inkerman Company was transferred from the 2nd Battalion to the 1st Battalion, being renamed as Left Flank Company in the process.

Line Infantry

As part of the Army 2020 reforms outlined by the Strategic Defence and Security Review, an additional public duties incremental company was formed in 2013 through the reduction of the 5th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland to company strength to serve as a public duties unit in Scotland. As of, this unit, Balaklava Company, is based at Redford Barracks, Edinburgh. This was the second time that this battalion had been reduced to a company, following its predecessor's reduction from 1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to Balaklava Company between January 1971 and January 1972.

Brigade of Gurkhas

The Brigade of Gurkhas, a formation of units made up almost entirely by Gurkhas from Nepal, have formed a number of independent companies over the course of their time as part of the British Army.

Gurkha Demonstration companies

The Brigade of Gurkhas has provided units to serve in the OPFOR role at various British Army training establishments since the early 1970s - the first of these to be formed was Gurkha Demonstration Company, which was established at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1972. A second demonstration company, Gurkha Demonstration Company, was formed at the Infantry Battle School in 1980, while a third, Gurkha Company was formed through the renaming of the Training Support Company, together with the plan to have it manned exclusively by Gurkhas, at the Land Warfare Centre in 2018.

Gurkha reinforcement companies

In the 1990s, it became apparent that some regular infantry battalions were suffering manpower issues, while at the same time the Brigade of Gurkhas was over-manned. Therefore, a decision was taken to use the excess manpower from the Gurkhas to augment under strength infantry battalions through the establishment of reinforcement companies that would wear the cap badge of the Royal Gurkha Rifles, but be attached to other regiments. A total of five infantry battalions received Gurkha companies between 1994 and 2004:
1: The company attached to the Royal Scots transferred to the Highlanders in 2001.
The Gurkha companies operated as fully integrated elements of their parent units, and saw deployments alongside both the Parachute Regiment and the Royal Irish Regiment to Sierra Leone as part of Operation Palliser in 2000, as well as deployments to Bosnia in 1999 with the Parachute Regiment and to Iraq with the Royal Irish as part of Operation Telic in 2003. The only time that the Gurkhas were not deployed with their parent battalion was in the event of a tour of Northern Ireland as part of Operation Banner - British government policy prevented them from serving in Northern Ireland. So, in the event of the parent battalion undertaking a tour of Northern Ireland, the Gurkha company would need to be detached for duty elsewhere. This occurred when the Royal Scots were deployed on two roulement tours, with B Company instead deployed to Bosnia as part of Operation Resolute. Both the Parachute Regiment and the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment also deployed to Northern Ireland during the periods they were reinforced by Gurkha companies.
Although the last of the reinforcement companies, attached to 1st Battalion, The Highlanders, was disbanded in 2004, a new batch of units was formed from 2008, again as a result of manpower shortages in the infantry. This eventually saw three new reinforcement companies formed - one of these was attached to 2nd Battalion, The Royal Gurkha Rifles, while the other two formed part of other regiments:
As with previous reinforcement units, the new companies were fully integrated elements of their parent battalions, deploying on a number of occasions as part of Operation Herrick to Afghanistan.

Airborne forces

The British Army's airborne forces have, since the end of the Second World War, operated two independent company sized units for specialist tasks.

No. 1 (Guards) Independent Parachute Company

No. 1 Independent Parachute Company was formed in 1948 as the remaining element of 1st Parachute Battalion, No. 1 Independent Parachute Company served as part of 16 Parachute Brigade, which was the British Army's sole remaining post-war airborne formation. Manned exclusively by soldiers from the Household Cavalry and Brigade of Guards, the company was quickly tasked as 16 Parachute Brigade's pathfinder unit, and saw extensive service on operations until it was disbanded in 1975. Both the role and the history of No. 1 Independent Parachute Company were perpetuated by the formation of separate platoons; in 1985, a new Pathfinder Platoon was established as part of the Parachute Regiment within 5 Airborne Brigade, while in the late 1990s a platoon within B Company of 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment was designated as 6 Platoon, manned exclusively by men recruited from the Guards Division and Household Cavalry.

Gurkha Independent Parachute Company

In 1963, a new company sized unit of the Brigade of Gurkhas, the Gurkha Independent Parachute Company, was formed to serve as part of 17th Gurkha Division, the formation operating in Malaysia. The new Gurkha Independent Parachute Company was formed from volunteers from the infantry regiments and corps units of the Brigade of Gurkhas, and was primarily tasked with airfield seizure, although during its time in Malaysia it operated in a variety of roles, from conventional infantry to special reconnaissance. When the British Army left Malaysia and the Brigade of Gurkhas was deployed to Hong Kong in 1971, the Gurkha Independent Parachute Company was disbanded.