Options for Change
Options for Change was a restructuring of the British Armed Forces in 1990 after the end of the Cold War.
Until this point, UK military strategy had been almost entirely focused on defending Western Europe against the Soviet Armed Forces, with the Royal Marines in Scandinavia, the Royal Air Force in West Germany and over the North Sea, the Royal Navy in the Norwegian Sea and North Atlantic, and the British Army in Germany.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact occurring between 1989 and 1991, a Soviet invasion of Western Europe no longer seemed likely. While the restructuring was criticised by several British politicians, it was an exercise mirrored by governments in almost every major Western military power: the so-called peace dividend.
Total manpower was cut by approximately 18 per cent to around 255,000.
Other casualties of the restructuring were the UK's nuclear civil defence organisations, the United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation, and its field force, the Royal Observer Corps, both disbanded between September 1991 and December 1995.
British Army
- Halving the troop strength in Germany by replacing the British Army of the Rhine with British Forces Germany in 1994.
- Several British Army regiments amalgamated:
- Brigade of Gurkhas:
- * Regimental Headquarters, The Gurkha Engineers disbanded
- * The Royal Gurkha Rifles formed by amalgamation of: 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles, 6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles, 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles, and 10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles, 3 Battalion establishment
- * The Queen's Own Gurkha Transport Regiment formed by grouping of former independent Gurkha transport squadrons
Royal Corps of Signals
- 1st Armoured Division Headquarters and Signal Regiment disbanded and concurrently reformed from 4th Signal Regiment as Lower Saxony Signal Regiment, then re-titled as 1st Armoured Division Headquarters and Signal Regiment
- 4th Armoured Division Headquarters and Signal Regiment disbanded to help reform 1st Signal Reigment
- 8th Signal Regiment absorbed into 11th Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals
- 13th Signal Regiment reduced to cadre and later disbanded
- 15th Signal Regiment and Headquarters Northern Ireland formed to administer those signal squadrons in Northern Ireland
- 22nd Signal Regiment disbanded
- 28th Signal Regiment reduced to 280 Signal Squadron
- Berlin Headquarters and Signal Regiment reduced to 229 Signal Squadron
Royal Armoured Corps
Bands
- Band of the Dragoon Guards formed by amalgamation of: 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards Band, 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards Band, Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Band, and 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards Band
- The Royal Tank Regiment Cambrai Band formed by amalgamation of: Cambrai Band of the Royal Tank Regiment, Alamein Band of the Royal Tank Regiment, Rhine Band of the Royal Tank Regiment
- Band of the Hussars and Light Dragoons formed by amalgamation of: 13th/18th Royal Hussars Band, 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars Band, The Queen's Own Hussars Band, The Queen's Royal Irish Hussars Band, The Royal Hussars Band, 14th/20th King's Hussars Band
- Band of the Royal Lancers formed by amalgamation of: 9th/12th Royal Lancers Band and The Queen's Royal Lancers Band
Regulars
- Household Cavalry Regiment formed by union The Life Guards and The Blues and Royals
- The Royal Dragoon Guards formed by amalgamation of 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards and 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards as cavalry county regiment of: Belfast, Fermanagh, Cumbria, Wirral, Cheshire, and Yorkshire, formed Pipes and Drums of the Royal Dragoon Guards in September 1993, RHQ in York
- The Queen's Royal Hussars formed by amalgamation of The Queen's Own Hussars and The Queen's Royal Irish Hussars as cavalry county regiment of: Northern Ireland, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, West Midlands, Surrey, and Sussex, formed Pipes and Drums of the Queen's Royal Hussars, RHQ in London
- The King's Royal Hussars formed by amalgamation of The Royal Hussars and 14th/20th King's Hussars as county cavalry regiment of: Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire, Isle of Wight, Channel Islands, Lancashire, Cumbria, and Greater Manchester, two regimental depots; North Depot in Preston and South Depot in Winchester
- Light Dragoons formed by amalgamation of 13th/18th Royal Hussars and 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars as cavalry county regiment of: Tyne and Wear, County Durham, Northumberland, and North Yorkshire, depot in Newcastle upon Tyne
- The Queen's Royal Lancers formed by amalgamation of 16th/5th The Queen's Royal Lancers and 17th/21st Lancers as cavalry county regiment of: Staffordshire, West Midlands, Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, and South Humberside, depot in Grantham
- Royal Tank Regiment
- * Pipes and Drums of the Royal Tank Regiment formed from transfer from 4th RTR
- * 1st Royal Tank Regiment and 4th Royal Tank Regiment amalgamated without change of title, recruiting from: Scotland and Merseyside
- * 2nd Royal Tank Regiment and 3rd Royal Tank Regiment amalgamated without change of title, recruiting from: South East London, Somerset, Devonshire, Dorset, and Cornwall
- The Royal Mercian and Lancastrian Yeomanry formed by amalgamation of The Queen's Own Mercian Yeomanry and The Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry as county yeomanry regiment of: Shropshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Staffordshire, Lancashire, and Greater Manchester
- The Scottish Yeomanry new formed regiment: resuscitation of old yeomanry units, country yeomanry of Scotland
Infantry
- Guards Division based at Wellington Barracks
- * Grenadier Guards' 2nd Battalion placed in suspended animation and reduced to Nijmegan Company, and became independent, and Inkerman Company transferred from 2nd Btn to 1st as No.3 Company
- * Coldstream Guards' 2nd Battalion placed in suspended animation and reduced to No.7 Company, and became independent
- * Scots Guards' 2nd Battalion placed in suspended animation and reduced to F Company, and became independent, Corps of drums also disbanded
- Scottish Division based at Glencorse Barracks covering the areas: Scotland.
- * All regimental bands amalgamated to form The Lowland Band and The Highland Band
- * The Royal Highland Fusiliers : 1st Btn, 52nd Lowland Volunteers re-designated as 3rd Battalion
- * The Black Watch : 1st Btn, 51st Highland Volunteers re-designated as 3rd Btn
- * The Highlanders : formed by amalgamation of the Queen's Own Highlanders and the Gordon Highlanders former as county regiment of: Caithness-shire, Elginshire, Nairnshire, Ross-shire, Sutherland, Orkney, Inverness-shire, Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, and Shetland. 1st Btn Regular, 2nd Btn, 51st Highland Volunteers re-designated as 3rd Btn, RHQ in Inverness with outstation in Aberdeen
- * The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders : 3rd Btn, 51st Highland Volunteers re-designated as 7th/8th Btn
- The Queen's Division based at Warminster covering the areas of: London, Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire, Middlesex, Isle of Wight, and the Channel Islands, Northumberland, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Northamptonshire, Lincolnshire, Rutland, and Cambridgeshire.
- * The Duke of Kent's Band and Saint George's Band of The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers amagalamated to form The Normandy Band of the Queen's Division
- * Bands of the 1st and 2nd Btns, Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment and 1st and 2nd Btns The Royal Anglian Regiment amalgamated to form The Minden Band of the Queen's Division
- * The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment: formed by amalgamation of The Queen's Regiment and The Royal Hampshire Regiment as regular county regiment of: London, Kent, Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire, Middlesex, Isle of Wight, and the Channel Islands, RHQ & Depot in Canterbury part of Queen's Division
- * The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers' 3rd Btn disbanded
- * The Royal Anglian Regiment's 3rd Btn amalgamated with 1st and 2nd Btns
- The King's Division based at Imphal Barracks covering the areas of: Cumbria, Westmorland, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, and West Riding of Yorkshire.
- * Bands of the King's Own Royal Border Regiment, King's Regiment, and Queen's Lancashire Regiment amalgamated to form The Normandy Band
- * Bands of The Prince of Wales's Own West Yorkshire Regiment, The Green Howards, and The Duke of Wellington's Regiment amalgamated to form The Waterloo Band
- * The Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire: 2nd Btn, Yorkshire Volunteers re-titled as 3rd Btn,
- * The Green Howards : 1st Btn, Yorkshire Volunteers re-titled as 4th/5th Btn
- The Prince of Wales's Division based at Whittington Barracks covering the areas of: Devonshire, Dorsetshire, Cheshire, Wales, Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, Staffordshire, Berkshire, and Wiltshire.
- * All regimental bands of the division amalgamated to form The Clive Band and The Lucknow Band
- * Royal Regiment of Wales: 3rd and 4th Btns amalgamated to form 2nd Btn
- * The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment: formed by amalgamation of the Gloucestershire Regiment and the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment as county regiment of: Gloucestershire, Berkshire, and Wiltshire with regimental depot in Gloucester with 1st Btn and 2nd Btn
- * The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment 's 4th Btn disbanded
- The Light Division based at Battlesbury Barracks covering the areas of: Somerset, Cornwall, South Yorkshire, Shropshire, County Durham.
- * The Light Infantry's 3rd Btn disbanded
- * The Royal Green Jackets' 3rd Btn disbanded
- Royal Irish Regiment formed by amalgamation of Ulster Defence Regiment and Royal Irish Rangers, while territorials retained Royal Irish Rangers title
- The Parachute Regiment: 15th Btn reduced to 15 Company in the 4th Btn
Royal Artillery
- 2nd Field Regiment Royal Artillery placed in suspended animation, batteries transferred to: 1st RHA, 3rd RHA, and 32nd RA
- The Depot Regiment Royal Artillery placed in suspended animation
- 27th Field Regiment Royal Artillery placed in suspended animation, battery transferred to 29th RA
Corps of Royal Engineers
- Commander Royal Engineers formed to control non-deployable royal engineer airfield elements at RAF bases in the UK
- 29th Engineer Brigade along with its signal troop disbanded
- 30th Engineer Brigade along with its signal troop disbanded
- 26th Engineer Regiment disbanded
- 1st Royal School of Military Engineering Regiment formed by amalgamation of the Depot Regiment, Royal Engineers and 12th Royal School of Military Engineer Regiments, Royal Engineers
- 3rd Royal School of Military Engineering Regiment formed by amalgamation of 1st Training and 3rd Training Regiments, Royal Engineers
- 74th Engineer Regiment reduced to 74 Independent Field Squadron
- 76th Engineer Regiment formed to control existing airfield damage repair squadrons in: Scotland and North of England
- 77th Engineer Regiment formed to control existing airfield damage repair squadrons in: Eastern and Southern England
- 78th Engineer Regiment formed to provide a new support regiment for the 3rd Mechanised Division
- 111th Engineer Regiment disbanded
Other Corps
- Royal Logistic Corps
- * Royal Corps of Transport
- * Royal Army Ordnance Corps
- * Royal Pioneer Corps
- * Army Catering Corps
- * Postal and Courier Service, Royal Engineers
- Adjutant General's Corps
- * Royal Army Educational Corps
- * Royal Army Pay Corps
- * Women's Royal Army Corps
- * Army Legal Corps
- * Corps of Royal Military Police
- * Military Provost Staff Corps
- Army Medical Services
- * Royal Army Medical Corps
- * Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps
- * Royal Army Dental Corps
- * Royal Army Vetinerary Corps
Royal Air Force
- Closing RAF Wildenrath in April 1992 and RAF Gutersloh in March 1993, halving the number of RAF bases in Germany.
- Withdrawing the F-4 Phantom II squadrons.
- Cancelling the Brimstone air-to-surface missile project.
- A small reduction in Nimrod maritime patrol aircraft.
Royal Navy
- Cutting the number of frigates and destroyers from around 50 to 40.
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