2-Chloroethanol 2-Chloroethanol is a chemical compound with the formula HOCH2 CH2 Cl and the simplest chlorohydrin . This colorless liquid has a pleasant ether-like odor. It is miscible with water. The molecule is bifunctional , consisting of both an alkyl chloride and an alcohol functional groups .Synthesis and applications 2-Chloroethanol is produced by treating ethylene with hypochlorous acid: 2-Chloroethanol was once produced on a large scale as a precursor to ethylene oxide: This application has been supplanted by the more economic direct oxidation of ethylene. Otherwise chloroethanol is still used in a number of specialized applications. Several dyes are prepared by the alkylation of aniline derivatives with chloroethanol. It is a building block in the production of pharmaceuticals, biocides and plasticizers. It is also used for manufacture of thiodiglycol . It is a solvent for cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose , textile printing dyes, in dewaxing, refining of rosin , extraction of pine lignin , and the cleaning of machines.Environmental aspects Chloroethanol is a metabolite in the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane . The alcohol is then further oxidized via chloroacetaldehyde to chloroacetate. This metabolic pathway is topical since billions of kilograms of 1,2-dichloroethane are processed annually as a precursor to vinyl chloride .Safety 2-Chloroethanol is toxic with an of 89 mg/kg in rats. Like most organochlorine compounds, chloroethanol combusts to yield hydrogen chloride and phosgene . In regards to dermal exposure to 2-chloroethanol, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit of 5ppm over an eight-hour time-weighted average , while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has a more protective recommended exposure limit of a 1ppm exposure ceiling . It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act , and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.
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