1835

Events

January–March

• January 7 - anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist.
• January 8 - The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history.
• January 24 - Malê Revolt: African slaves of Yoruba Muslim origin revolt in Salvador, Bahia.
• January 26 - Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Auguste de Beauharnais, 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg, in Lisbon; he dies only two months later.
• January 30 - An assassination is attempted against United States President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol.
• February 1 - Slavery is abolished in Mauritius.
• February 20 - 1835 Concepción earthquake: Concepción, Chile, is destroyed by an earthquake; the resulting tsunami destroys the neighboring city of Talcahuano.
• March 2 - Ferdinand becomes Emperor of Austria.
• March 23 - The Academia Mexicana de la Lengua is established.

  April–June

• April 18 - Lord Melbourne succeeds Sir Robert Peel as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• May 5
• * Rail transport in Belgium: A railway is opened between Brussels and Mechelen, the first in continental Europe.
• * Braulio Carrillo is sworn in as Head of State of Costa Rica.
• May 8 - Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales Told for Children. First Collection. begins publication.
• May 11 - Matua, High Priest of the Polynesian island of Mangareva, is baptized into the Roman Catholic Church.
• May 23 - The Mexican State of Aguascalientes is formed, by decree of President Santa Anna.
• June 1 - Kingston Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario opens.

  July–September

• July - Bertelsmann is founded by Carl Bertelsmann as a religious printer and publisher in Prussia.
• July 14 - The universal Catholic Apostolic Church is organized, initially in the U.K.
• July 28 - In Paris, the assassination of King Louis Philippe I of France is attempted by Giuseppe Marco Fieschi, using a home-made volley gun; 10 are killed, but the King escapes with a minor wound.
• August - H. Fox Talbot exposes the world's first known photographic negatives, at Lacock Abbey in England.
• August 25 - In the U.S., The New York Sun prints the first of six installments of the Great Moon Hoax.
• August 28 - St. Vincent's Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor of Castleknock College, is founded by the Vincentian community in Dublin, Ireland.
• August 30 - European settlers, landing on the north banks of the Yarra River in Victoria, Australia, found the settlement of Melbourne.
• September 7 - Charles Darwin arrives at the Galápagos Islands, aboard.
• September 19 - William Lloyd Garrison publishes Angelina Grimké's anti-slavery letter in The Liberator.
• September 20 - The Ragamuffin War begins in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

  October–December

• October 2 - The Texas Revolution - Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
• October 3 - The Staedtler Company is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.
• October 28
• * The United Tribes of New Zealand is founded at Waitangi, with the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand.
• * Texas Revolution - Battle of Concepción: The Texian Army defeats the Mexicans.
• November 16 - Halley's Comet reaches perihelion, its closest approach to the Sun.
• November 19 - A force of 500 Māori people invade and enslave the peoples of the Chatham Islands.
• November 27 - Two London men, James Pratt and John Smith, are hanged in front of Newgate Prison in London, after a conviction of buggery. They are the last to suffer capital punishment for homosexual acts in England.
• December 7
• * The Bavarian Ludwig Railway opens between Nuremberg and Fürth, with a train hauled by the English-built Der Adler, the first railway in Germany.
• * Future U.S. President James K. Polk becomes Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.
• December 9 - The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.
• December 16-17 - The Great Fire of New York destroys 530 buildings, including the New York Stock Exchange.
• December 20 - The Texas Declaration of Independence is first signed at Goliad, Texas.
• December 21 - The Raleigh and Gaston Railroad is chartered in Raleigh, North Carolina.
• December 28 - United States: The Second Seminole War led by Osceola breaks out.
• December 29 - The Treaty of New Echota is signed between the United States Government, and members of the Cherokee Nation.

  Date unknown

• The British East India Company negotiates a lease of the Darjeeling area west of the Mahananda River, from the Kingdom of Sikkim.
• The British Geological Survey is founded, as the world's first national geological survey.
• Civil war erupts in Uruguay, between supporters of the Blanco and Colorado parties.
• The Cachar Levy, forerunner of the Assam Rifles, is founded in India.
• The first Bulgarian-language school opens in the Ottoman Empire.
• The French word for their language changes to français, from françois.
• Fort Cass is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the 1838 Trail of Tears.
• Charles-Louis Havas creates Havas, the first news agency in the world.
• English becomes the official language of India.
• Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes Caudillo of Argentina.
• Edward Strutt Abdy publishes his Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834.
• David Strauss begins publication of Das Leben Jessu, kritisch bearbeitet in Tübingen.

  Births

January–June

• January 14 - Emmy Rappe, Swedish nurse pioneer
• February 13 - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
• February 15 - Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president
• February 18 - César Cui, Lithuanian composer
• February 22 - Jeannette Walworth, American novelist, journalist
• March 12 - Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer
• March 14 - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer
• March 15 - Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer
• March 21 - Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter, Swedish Sami educator
• March 24 - Jožef Stefan, Slovenian physicist, mathematician, and poet
• April 1 - Big Jim Fisk, American entrepreneur
• April 4 - John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist
• April 9 - King Leopold II of Belgium
• May 3 - Alfred Austin, English poet
• May 18 - Charles N. Sims, American Methodist preacher, third chancellor of Syracuse University
• May 21 - František Chvostek, Moravian physician
• June 2 - Pope Pius X
• June 6 - Ștefan Fălcoianu, Romanian general and politician
• June 10 - Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany,
• June 12 - George Atzerodt, conspirator with John Wilkes Booth, assigned to assassinate Vice President Andrew Johnson
• June 15 - Adah Isaacs Menken, American actress
• June 23 - Fanny Eaton, Jamaican-born artists model and domestic worker
• June 24 - Johannes Wislicenus, German chemist
• June 26 - Thomas W. Knox, American author, journalist

  July–December

• July 6 - Sir George White, British field marshal
• July 7 - Ernest Giles, Australian explorer
• July 10 - Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer
• July 19 - Justo Rufino Barrios, 9th President of Guatemala
• July 27 - Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• July 30 - Edmund Francis Dunne, American politician, jurist, and Catholic orator
• July 31 - Henri Brisson, 2-time Prime Minister of France
• August 2 - Elisha Gray, American inventor, businessman
• August 6 - Hjalmar Kiærskou, Danish botanist
• August 19 - Tom Wills, Australian cricketer, pioneer of Australian rules football
• August 27 - Thomas Burberry, English businessman, inventor
• September 1 - Raphael Kalinowski, Polish Discalced Carmelite friar, saint
• October 7 - Felix Draeseke, German composer
• October 9 - Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer
• October 16 - William R. Shafter, American general
• October 23 - Adlai E. Stevenson I, 23rd Vice President of the United States
• October 31 - Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• November 6 - Cesare Lombroso, Italian criminologist
• November 17 - Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, Governor of Ohio
• November 19 - Matilda Carse, Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer
• November 21 - Rose Eytinge, American actress
• November 25
• *Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist, philanthropist
• *Arthur Sewall, American politician, industrialist
• November 29 - Empress Dowager Cixi of China
• November 30 - Mark Twain, American author, humorist
• December 4 - Samuel Butler, English writer
• December 6 - Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig, German chemist
• December 17 - Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, American scientist
• December 18 - Lyman Abbott, American clergyman, author
• December 28 - Sir Archibald Geikie, Scottish geologist

  Deaths

January–June

• January 1 - Mátyás Godina, Slovene Lutheran pastor, writer and teacher
• February 8 - Guillaume Dupuytren, French anatomist, military surgeon
• February 15
• * Nathan Dane, American politician
• * Henry Hunt, British politician
• March 2 - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
• March 18 - Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish, Prussian statesman, diplomat
• March 30 - Richard Sharp MP, known as 'Conversation Sharp' English merchant, critic, poet and wit
• April 1 - Józef Zeydlitz, Polish military leader
• April 8 - Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist, philosopher
• April 10 - Magdalene of Canossa, Italian Catholic religious professed, saint
• April 21 - Samuel Slater, American industrialist
• May 8 - Francisca Zubiaga y Bernales, first lady of Peru, controversial socialite
• May 13 - John Nash, English architect
• June 18 - William Cobbett, English journalist, author
• June 24 - Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral
• June 25 - Ebenezer Pemberton, American educator

  July–December

• July 6 - John Marshall, influential American Chief Justice
• July 15 - Izabela Czartoryska, Polish magnate princess
• July 28 - Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise, French marshal
• September 23
• * Georg Adlersparre, Swedish military leader
• * Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer
• November 14 - James Freeman, first American clergyman to call himself a Unitarian
• November 20 - Joseph von Baader, German railway pioneer
• November 29 - Princess Catharina of Württemberg, wife of Jérôme Bonaparte
• December 13 - John Storm, American Revolutionary soldier
• December 17 - Pierre Louis Roederer, French politician, economist, and historian
• December 22 - David Hosack, American physician and educator, attending doctor at the Hamilton-Burr duel

  Unknown

• Sally Hemings - American-born slave, concubine to Thomas Jefferson
• Ishak Efendi - Ottoman engineer, translator