1792 Events January–March January 9 - The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea . February 20 - The Postal Service Act , establishing the United States Post Office Department , is signed by President George Washington . February 20 - The Parliament House in Dublin catches fire during a legislative session. "Although in imminent danger of the roof falling in," it is noted later, "the House did not adjourn until a proper motion had been put and carried in the affirmative. March 1 - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor , the last emperor, takes office. March 16 - King Gustav III of Sweden is shot in the back by Jacob Johan Anckarström , at a midnight masquerade at the Royal Opera in Stockholm ; he lives until March 29 , and is then succeeded by his 14-year-old son, Gustav IV Adolf . March 20 - A new capital of North Carolina , and seat of the newly formed Wake County , is established after North Carolina State senator and surveyor William Christmas submits his design for the city. A few months later, the capital is officially named Raleigh , in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh .April–June April 2 - The Coinage Act is passed, establishing the United States Mint . April 5 - United States President George Washington vetoes a bill designed to apportion representatives among U.S. states. This is the first time the presidential veto is used in the United States. April 20 - France declares war against Austria, beginning the War of the First Coalition . April 21 - Tiradentes , a leading figure in the Inconfidência Mineira conspiracy, is executed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . April 25 * Highwayman Nicolas Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine in France. * La Marseillaise , the French national anthem , is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle . May 11 - Robert Gray's Columbia River expedition: Captain Robert Gray , on the Columbia Rediviva , becomes the first white man to discover the mouth of the Columbia River. May 17 - The Buttonwood Agreement is signed, beginning the New York Stock Exchange . May 18 - War in Defence of the Constitution: Russia invades Poland. May 21 - An old lava dome collapses in Kyūshū , Japan, due to activity of Mount Unzen volcano; the resulting avalanche and tsunami kills about 14,300 people. June 1 - Kentucky becomes the 15th state of the United States of America . June 4 - Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for Great Britain. June 13 * Vancouver becomes the first European to enter Burrard Inlet . * Prussia declares war against France.July–September July 18 - Polish–Russian War - Battle of Dubienka: Soldiers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , led by Tadeusz Kościuszko , resist an attack from Imperial Russian Army forces five times their size. August 10 - French Revolution: The Tuileries Palace is stormed , and Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody. September - Macartney Embassy: George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney , sails from Portsmouth in HMS Lion , as the first official envoy from Great Britain to China. September 2-7 - French Revolution - September Massacres: Rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops and more than 200 priests, together with at least 1,000 criminals. September 11 - Six men steal some of the former French Crown Jewels from a warehouse, where the revolutionary government had stored them. September 14 - Thomas Paine flees from England to France, after being indicted for treason. He is tried in absentia during December and outlawed. : Battle of Valmy . : Mount Hood is named. October 29 - Mount Hood is named after British Admiral Lord Hood by Lt. William Broughton of the Vancouver Expedition , who spots the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River . November 6 - *At the Battle of Jemappes , Austrian armies under the command of Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen , are defeated in Belgium by the French Army, led by General Charles François Dumouriez . *The second United States presidential election is held. Incumbent President George Washington receives all 132 electoral votes for President, and incumbent Vice-President John Adams is re-elected with 77 of 132 votes, with George Clinton receiving 50. November 19 - France's National Convention passes a resolution pledging French support for the overthrow of the governments of other nations. December 3 - George Washington is re-elected President of the United States . December 26 - The trial of Louis XVI of France begins.Date unknown The Baptist Missionary Society is founded in Kettering , England. Tipu Sultan invades Kerala , India, but is repulsed. Hungarian astronomer Franz Xaver von Zach publishes The Tables of the Sun , an essential early work for navigation. Claude Chappe successfully demonstrates the first semaphore line , between Paris and Lille. Scottish engineer William Murdoch begins experimenting with gas lighting . George Anschutz constructs the first blast furnace , in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Thomas Holcroft produces the play Road to Ruin in London. Barthélemy Catherine Joubert , future French general, becomes sub-lieutenant. Johann Georg Albrechtsberger becomes Kapellmeister in Vienna . The State Street Corporation is founded, in Boston , Massachusetts . Shiloh Meeting House, predecessor of Shiloh United Methodist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia, is founded. Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is published. The Insurance Company of North America is founded in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania. The first written examinations in Europe are held at Cambridge University , England.Births January–June January 12 - Johann Arfvedson , Swedish chemist February 15 - Floride Calhoun , Second Lady of the United States February 17 - Karl Ernst von Baer , German naturalist February 29 - Gioachino Rossini , Italian composer March 3 - Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler , German church historian March 4 * Isaac Lea , American conchologist, geologist and publisher * Samuel Slocum , American inventor March 7 - John Herschel , English mathematician, astronomer April 1 - Karl Gottlob Zumpt , German scholar April 2 - Francisco de Paula Santander , President of Colombia April 4 - Thaddeus Stevens , American politician April 23 - Thomas Romney Robinson , Irish astronomer, physicist April 25 - John Keble , English churchman, poet May 10 - Willie Person Mangum , American politician May 13 - Pope Pius IX , Italian churchman May 15 - James Mayer de Rothschild , German-born banker May 17 - Anne Isabella Milbanke , English wife of Lord Byron May 18 - Margaret Ann Neve , Guernesiaise supercentenarian May 21 - Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis , French engineer, scientist June 13 - William Austin Burt , American inventor, June 15 - John Pascoe Fawkner , pioneer, newspaper publisher in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia June 16 - John Linnell , English painter June 21 - Ferdinand Christian Baur , German theologianJuly–December July 7 - William Henry Smith , British businessman July 10 * George M. Dallas, American Senator, 11th Vice President of the United States * Captain Frederick Marryat , British author July 27 - Maria Quitéria , Brazilian national heroine August 4 - Percy Bysshe Shelley , English poet August 13 - Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen , queen of William IV of the United Kingdom August 18 - John Russell, 1st Earl Russell , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom August 22 - John Church Hamilton , American historian August 26 - Manuel Oribe , 2nd President of Uruguay September 2 - Vicente Ramón Roca , 3rd President of Ecuador September 19 - William Backhouse Astor, Sr., American business tycoon September 26 - William Hobson , first Governor of New Zealand October 29 - Thomas Livingstone Mitchell , explorer, Surveyor-General of New South Wales , Australia November 4 - Carlos Antonio López , president of Paraguay November 10 - Samuel Nelson , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States November 11 - Mary Anne Evans , wife of Benjamin Disraeli November 28 - Victor Cousin , French philosopher December 1 - Nikolai Lobachevsky , Russian mathematician December 5 - Andrés de Santa Cruz , Peruvian military officer, seventh President of Peru and President of Bolivia December 6 - William II of the Netherlands Date unknown Matteo Carcassi , Italian musician, composer Nodira , Uzbek poet and stateswoman Erike Kirstine Kolstad , Norwegian actressDeaths January–June January 17 - George Horne , British academic and Bishop of Norwich February 15 - John Witherspoon , Scottish American signer of the Declaration of Independence February 23 - Sir Joshua Reynolds , English painter March 1 * Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor * Jean Godin des Odonais , French cartographer and naturalist March 1 - Angelo Emo , Venetian admiral and statesman March 3 - Robert Adam , British architect March 10 - John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom March 23 - Luís António Verney , Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue March 29 - King Gustav III of Sweden April 3 - Sir George Pocock , British admiral April 4 - James Sykes , American politician April 14 - Maximilian Hell , Slovakian astronomer April 23 - Karl Friedrich Bahrdt , German theologian, adventurer April 30 - John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich , English statesman May 10 - John Stevens , American delegate to the Continental Congress May 12 - Charles Simon Favart , French dramatist May 24 - George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney , British naval officer June 4 - John Burgoyne , British general June 22 - Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab , Arabian Wahhabi preacherJuly–December July 3 - Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel July 18 - John Paul Jones , American naval captain July 29 - René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou , Chancellor of France August 3 - Richard Arkwright , English inventor August 5 - Frederick North, Lord North , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom August 25 - Jacques Cazotte , French writer September 3 - Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe , French princess, courtier to Marie Antoinette September 8 - Charles d'Abancour , French statesman September 16 - Nguyễn Huệ , Vietnamese emperor September 18 - August Gottlieb Spangenberg , German religious leader September 25 - Adam Gottlob Moltke , Danish statesman September 29 - George Browne , Russian-Irish field-marshal October 7 - George Mason , American patriot October 14 - Sophie Charlotte Ackermann , German actress October 21 - Anders Rudolf du Rietz , Swedish general, count and politician October 22 - Guillaume Le Gentil , French astronomer October 28 * Paul Möhring , German physician and scientist * John Smeaton , English civil engineer November - Samuel Hearne , English explorer, fur-trader, author and naturalist December 8 - Henry Laurens , political leader during the American Revolutionary War , father of John Laurens December 15 * Joseph Martin Kraus , Swedish composer * Hugh Pigot , British Royal Navy admiral
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