1636

January–June

• March 5 - King Christian of Denmark gives an order, that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen, to build ships or to work as galley rowers.
• March 13 - A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press, as the second of the privileged presses in England.
• March 26 - Utrecht University is founded in the Dutch Republic.
• April 30 - Eighty Years' War: The nine-month Siege of Schenkenschans ends, when forces of the Dutch Republic recapture the strategically important fort from the Spanish.
• May 25 - William Pynchon and his men establish the settlement of Springfield, Massachusetts Bay Colony. They would deed the land later that year on July 15th.

  July–December

• August 15
• * The Spanish besiege Corbie, France.
• August 25 - The covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts Bay Colony is first signed.
• September 18 - A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes New College, as the first college founded in North America.
• October 4 - Thirty Years' War - Battle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army.
• December 23 - The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.

  Date unknown

• Thirty Years' War: French intervention starts.
• Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty.
• The shōgun forbids Japanese to travel abroad, and those abroad from returning home.
• Emperor Fasilides founds the city of Gondar, which becomes the capital of Ethiopia for the next two centuries.
• In the American colonies, Roger Williams founds Rhode Island.
• The first American ancestor of John Adams, Henry Adams, emigrates to Massachusetts.
• The first synagogue of the New World, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, is founded in Recife by the Dutch.

  Births

January–March

• January 1 - Jacques Cassagne, French clergyman
• January 8 - Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra, Spanish noble
• January 12 - Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, French painter
• January 20 - Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
• February 6 - Heiman Dullaart, Dutch painter
• February 12 - Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian
• February 16 - Shubael Dummer, American Congregational church minister
• March 1 - Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Italian Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro
• March 8 - Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian
• March 13 - Ulrik Huber, Dutch philosopher
• March 25 - Henric Piccardt, Dutch lawyer

  April–June

• April 6 - Noël Bouton de Chamilly, Marshal of France
• April 10 - Balthasar Kindermann, German poet
• April 13 - Hendrik van Rheede, Dutch botanist
• April 29 - Esaias Reusner, German lutenist and composer
• May 6 - Laura Mancini, French court beauty
• May 17 - Edward Colman, English Catholic courtier under Charles II
• May 22 - Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
• May 27 - Thormodus Torfæus, Icelandic historian
• June 3 - John Hale, Beverly minister
• June 15
• * Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet of England
• * Charles de La Fosse, French painter
• June 21 - Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, French noble
• June 29 - Thomas Hyde, English orientalist

  July–September

• July 2 - Daniel Speer, German Baroque composer and writer
• July 12 - Count Ferdinand Edzard of East Frisia, German nobleman
• July 31 - Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen
• August 25 - Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan
• September 5 - Ignace-Gaston Pardies, French physicist
• September 24 - Francesco Vaccaro, Italian painter
• September 25 - Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein, German prince
• September 28 - Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Prussian royal consort
• September 29 - Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury

  October–December

• October 6 - George Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg, Count of Erbach and Breuberg
• October 15 - John Strangways, English politician
• October 23 - Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, queen consort of King Charles X of Sweden
• October 31 - Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire
• November 1 - Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic
• November 2 - Edward Colston, Bristol-born English slave trader
• November 6
• * Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy, daughter of the Duke of Savoy
• * Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, wife of Ferdinand Maria
• November 11 - Yan Ruoqu, Chinese scholar
• November 14 - Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, French prelate
• November 30
• * Johannes Fabritius, Dutch painter
• * Adriaen van de Velde, Dutch painter
• December 1 - Elizabeth Capell, Countess of Essex, British countess
• December 23 - Gregório de Matos, Brazilian poet and lawyer
• December 26 - Justine Siegemund, German writer
• December 27 - William Whitelock, English gentleman, Member of Parliament

  date unknown

• Mary Rowlandson, American author and captive during King Philip's War
• George Etherege, English playwright

  Deaths

• January 11 - Dodo Knyphausen, Swedish military leader
• January 16 - Queen Inyeol, Korean royal consort
• January 19 - Daniel Schwenter, German Orientalist
• January 26 - Jean Hotman, Marquis de Villers-St-Paul, French diplomat
• February 13 - Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg, duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg
• February 16 - Tokuhime, Japanese noble
• February 22 - Santorio Santorio, Italian physician
• March 11 - Christoph Grienberger, Austrian astronomer
• March 24 - Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg
• April 6 - Philipp Uffenbach, German artist
• April 18 - Julius Caesar, English judge
• April 23 - John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg
• May 23 - Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman
• June 7 - Frederik Coning, Dutch member of the Haarlem schutterij
• June 9 - Antoine de Paule, French-born 56th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller
• June 13 - George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish politician
• June 21 - Justus de Harduwijn, Dutch Catholic priest and poet
• June 27 - Date Masamune, Japanese daimyō
• July - Elijah Loans, rabbi and kabbalist
• July 20 - Albrycht Władysław Radziwiłł, Polish prince
• August 6 - Countess Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg
• August 8 - Simon Louis, Count of Lippe-Detmolt
• August 25 - Bhai Gurdas, Sikh religious figure
• December 9 - Giovanni da San Giovanni, Italian painter
• September 6 - Paul Stockmann, German hymnwriter
• September 17 - Stefano Maderno, Italian sculptor
• September 19 - Franz von Dietrichstein, German Catholic bishop
• October 1 - Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg
• October 11 - Johann Albrecht Adelgrief, German self-proclaimed prophet who was executed for witchcraft
• October 19
• * Marcin Kazanowski, Polish military leader
• * Hugh Hamersley, Lord Mayor of London, England
• December 9 - Fabian Birkowski, Polish writer
• December 10 - Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim, Irish leader
• December 19 - William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton, British baron
• December 22 - Johannes Saeckma, Dutch Golden Age magistrate
• December 27 - Iskandar Muda, Sultan of Aceh
• date unknown - Euphrosina Heldina von Dieffenau; German-Swedish courtier
• * Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife