1582 1582 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar , and a common year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar , the 1582nd year of the Common Era and Anno Domini designations, the 582nd year of the 2nd millennium , the 82nd year of the 16th century , and the 3rd year of the Proleptic 1580s decade . However, this year also saw the beginning of the Gregorian Calendar switch , when the Papal bull known as Inter gravissimas introduced the Gregorian calendar , adopted by Spain, Portugal, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and most of present-day Italy from the start. In these countries, the year continued as normal until Thursday, October 4 . However, the next day became Friday, October 15 , in those countries. Other countries continued using the Julian calendar, switching calendars in later years, and the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was not entirely done until 1929 .Events January–June April 3 – Battle of Temmokuzan: Unable to reverse the collapse of Takeda clan , Takeda Katsuyori and his household commit suicide. April 14 – King James VI of Scotland signs a charter creating the Tounis College, which becomes the University of Edinburgh . April 16 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma founds the settlement of Salta , Argentina . April – Hashiba Hideyoshi begins the Siege of Takamatsu Castle. May–August – Robert Browne and his Brownist congregationalist companions are obliged to leave England , and go to Middelburg in the Netherlands. June 21 – The Incident at Honnō-ji occurs in Kyoto , Japan .July–December July 2 - Battle of Yamazaki: Counterattacking forces led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi decisively defeat Akechi Mitsuhide's smaller army; Akechi is killed while retreating to his domain. July 26 - Battle of Ponta Delgada : Spanish admiral Santa Cruz decisively defeats a larger mercenary fleet from France , England, supporters of the Portuguese claimant António, Prior of Crato , and the Dutch Republic , under Filippo di Piero Strozzi off the Azores , the first engagement between large fleets of galleons, operating at any great distance from the mainland. August 22 - Raid of Ruthven in Scotland: A political conspiracy of Presbyterian nobles abduct King James VI . October 4 of Julian calendar - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15. October 4 - Saint Teresa of Ávila dies. She is buried the next day, October 15. November 29 - Future English playwright William Shakespeare marries Anne Hathaway . December 9 of Julian calendar - France makes the next day Monday, December 20 of the Gregorian Calendar.Date unknown Kumbum is founded in Tibet . In Ming Dynasty China: * Jesuit Matteo Ricci is allowed to enter the country. * The earliest reference is made to the publishing of private newspapers in Beijing . The sultanate of Morocco begins to press southward, in search of a greater share of the trans-Saharan trade. The Cagayan battles in the Philippines, the only recorded clashes between European regular soldiers and samurai warriors. University of Würzburg refounded. The Douai-Rheims Bible New Testament is published.Births January 6 * Alonso de Contreras , Spanish privateer and writer * Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice , Bohemian noble January 7 - Magdalene of Brandenburg , Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt January 26 - Giovanni Lanfranco , Italian painter January 28 - John Barclay , Scottish satirist and Latin poet January 30 - George II, Duke of Pomerania February 8 - Matthias Bernegger , German philologist February 17 - George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg February 22 - John Ratcliffe , English politician and soldier March 15 * Daniel Featley , English theologian and controversialist * Deodat del Monte , Flemish painter, architect March 22 - John Williams , Welsh clergyman and political advisor to King James I March 31 - Duchess Sophie of Prussia , Duchess consort of Courland April 8 - Phineas Fletcher , English poet April 11 - Justus de Harduwijn , Dutch Catholic priest and poet May 1 - Marco da Gagliano , Italian composer of the early Baroque era May 5 - John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg June 26 - Johannes Schultz , German composer June 28 - William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele , English nobleman and politician July 27 - Sir John Isham, 1st Baronet , English Member of Parliament August 11 - Sabina Catharina of East Frisia , Countess of Rietberg August 17 - John Matthew Rispoli , major Maltese philosopher of great erudition August 26 - Humilis of Bisignano , Italian Franciscan friar and saint August 27 - Maria Amalia of Nassau-Dillenburg , German noble August 28 * Taichang Emperor , of the Ming Dynasty of China * Hans Meinhard von Schönberg , German military commander September 25 - Archduchess Eleanor of Austria September 26 - Eitel Frederick von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen , German Catholic cardinal October 2 - Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach , Count Palatine of Neuburg October 17 - Johann Gerhard , Lutheran church leader October 19 - Dmitri Ivanovich , Russian Tsarevich October 21 - Johan Ernst van Nassau-Siegen , Dutch general October 22 - Francesco Piccolomini , Italian Jesuit November 2 - Elizabeth Jane Weston , English Czech poet November 21 - François Maynard , French poet November 27 - Pierre Dupuy , French historian November 30 - Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt , Archbishop of Mainz December 10 - William Chappell , Irish bishop December 16 - Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey , English adventurer and soldier December 23 - Severo Bonini , Italian composer date unknown * Giovanni Francesco Abela , Maltese writer * Giulio Alenio , Italian Jesuit missionary * Gregorio Allegri , Italian composer * John Bainbridge , English astronomer * Richard Corbet , English poet and bishop * William Juxon , Archbishop of Canterbury * Thomas Moulson , Lord Mayor of London * David Teniers the Elder , Flemish painter * Francis Windebank , English politician * Jacomina de Witte , politically influential Dutch woman * Jakub Zadzik , Polish nobleman and diplomat probable - Sigismondo d'India , Italian composerDeaths January 23 - Jean Bauhin , French physician January 26 - Thomas Platter , Swiss humanist scholar February 18 - Sakuma Nobumori , Japanese retainer and samurai March 14 - Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine by marriage March 18 - Juan Jauregui , attempted assassin of William I of Orange March 22 - Daniel Brendel von Homburg , Roman Catholic archbishop March 29 - Philip de' Medici , Italian noble, Grand Prince of Tuscany April 3 - Takeda Katsuyori, Japanese daimyō of Takeda Clan April 16 - Oyamada Nobushige , Japanese samurai April 21 - Francisco de Toledo , Spanish soldier and politician May 3 - Giorgio Mainerio , Italian composer May 5 - Charlotte of Bourbon , Princess consort of Orange , married to William I of Orange June 13 - Matteo Tafuri , Italian alchemist June 21 * Oda Nobunaga , Japanese daimyō of the Oda Clan * Oda Nobutada , Japanese samurai, oldest son of Nobunaga * Anayama Nobukimi , Japanese military commander June 23 - Shimizu Muneharu , Japanese military commander July 2 - Akechi Mitsuhide , Japanese samurai and warlord July 3 - James Crichton , Scottish scholar July 7 - Kawajiri Hidetaka , Japanese samurai July 17 - Jacques Peletier du Mans , French mathematician September 23 - Louis, Duke of Montpensier September 28 - George Buchanan , Scottish humanist scholar October 4 - Teresa of Ávila , Spanish Carmelite nun, poet and saint October 21 - Laurent Joubert , French physician November 21 - Diego, Prince of Asturias , Portuguese prince December 11 - Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba , Spanish general date unknown * Wu Cheng'en , Chinese novelist and poet of the Ming dynasty * Hans Hendrik van Paesschen , Flemish architect * Zhang Juzheng , Ming dynasty official * Takeda Nobukado , Japanese samurai * Sen Soulintha , Laotian king of Lan Xang
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