1549
Year 1549 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. In the Kingdom of England, it was known as "The Year of the Many-Headed Monster", because of the unusually high number of rebellions which occurred in the country.Events
January–June
- January - Burmese–Siamese War : King Tabinshwehti of Burma begins his invasion of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which ends in retreat.
- February 3 - Burmese–Siamese War: Burmese viceroy Thado Dhamma Yaza I of Prome slays Sri Suriyothai, queen consort of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, on her war elephant, when she intervenes in battle to protect the life of her husband.
- March 29 - The city of Salvador da Bahia, Brazil's first capital, is founded by Tome de Sousa.
July–December
- June 9 - The Book of Common Prayer is introduced in English churches; the Prayer Book Rebellion against it breaks out in the West Country.
- July - Kett's Rebellion breaks out in East Anglia, against land enclosures; rebellion breaks out in Oxfordshire, against landowners associated with religious changes.
- July 27 - Francis Xavier arrives in Japan.
- August 8-9 - England and France declare war.
- August 17 - Battle of Sampford Courtenay in England: The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed.
- August 26 - Battle of Dussindale in England: Kett's Rebellion is quashed.
- September 17 - The Council of Trent is prorogued indefinitely.
- November 4 - The Pragmatic Sanction is proclaimed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. The Seventeen Provinces are declared inseparable.
- November 29 - The lengthy and large Papal conclave, 1549–50 goes into session in the Apostolic Palace in Rome, to decide on a successor to Pope Paul III.
Date unknown
- Peter Canisius starts the Counter-Reformation in Bavaria.
- The spire of Lincoln Cathedral in England is blown down, leaving St. Olaf's Church, Tallinn, in Estonia as the World's tallest structure.
- Although trade existed between the two beforehand, in this year the Portuguese begin to send regular seasonal maritime trade missions to Ming Dynasty China, at Sao João Island near Macau.
- Excerpta antiqua is published by Hervagius at Basel, Switzerland.
- The Siege of Kajiki firearms are used for the first time in a siege in Japanese history. The Battle of Uedahara in the previous year was the first battle in which firearms are used.
- Maidstone Grammar School was founded in 1549
Births
- January 26 - Jakob Ebert, German theologian
- January 26 - Francesco Bassano the Younger, Italian painter
- February 3 - Louis of Valois, French prince
- February 4 - Eustache Du Caurroy, French composer
- February 15 - Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania
- February 20 - Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, last Duke of Urbino
- March 10 - Francis Solanus, Spanish missionary and saint
- March 11 - Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel, Dutch writer
- April 5 - Françoise d'Orléans-Longueville, French princess
- April 13 - Count Juraj IV Zrinski of Croatia
- June 15 - Elizabeth Knollys, English noblewoman
- July 2 - Duchess Sabine of Württemberg, by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel
- July 5 - Francesco Maria del Monte, Italian Catholic cardinal
- July 12 - Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland
- July 20 - Pierre de Larivey, Italian-born French dramatist
- July 30 - Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
- August 2 - Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman
- August 10 - Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin, daughter of Margrave John of Küstrin
- September 1 - Charles Philippe de Croÿ, Marquis d’Havré, Belgian noble and politician
- October 17 - Denis Godefroy
- November 2 - Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain
- November 5 - Philippe de Mornay, French writer
- November 30 - Sir Henry Savile, English educator
- December 9 - Costanzo Antegnati, Italian composer, organist
- December 20 - John Petre, 1st Baron Petre, English politician and baron
- December 24 - Kaspar Ulenberg, German theologian
- date unknown
- * Kutsuki Mototsuna, Japanese military commander
- * John Rainolds, English scholar and Bible translator
- * Juan de Salcedo, Spanish conquistador
- * Marek Sobieski, Polish noble
- * Ogawa Suketada, Japanese warlord
Deaths
- January 28 - Elia Levita, German Yiddish writer
- February 14 - Il Sodoma, Italian painter
- March 14 - Lorenzo Cybo, Italian condottiero
- March 20 - Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, English politician and diplomat
- March 25 - Veit Dietrich, German theologian, writer and reformer
- April - Andrew Boorde, English traveller
- April 3 - Matsudaira Hirotada, Japanese daimyo
- April 15 - Christine of Saxony, German noble
- April 24 - Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, English earl
- June 26 - Luis Cáncer, Spanish Dominican priest, missionary, martyr and servant of God
- July 19 - Edmund Sheffield, 1st Baron Sheffield, English baron
- August 11 - Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg, Prince of Lüneburg and Baron of Harburg
- September 10 - Anthony Denny, confidant of Henry VIII of England
- September 21 - Benedetto Accolti the Younger, Italian Catholic cardinal
- October 27 - Marie d'Albret, Countess of Rethel, French nobility
- November 10 - Pope Paul III
- November 26 - Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester
- December 7 - Robert Kett, English rebel
- December 21 - Marguerite de Navarre, queen of Henry II of Navarre
- date unknown - Daniel Bomberg, Brabantian printer
- * María de Toledo, Vicereine and regent of the Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo
