Ê


Ê, ê is a letter of the Latin alphabet, found in Afrikaans, French, Friulian, Kurdish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Welsh. It is used to transliterate Ukrainian and Chinese.

Usage in various languages

Afrikaans

Ê is not considered a separate letter in Afrikaans but a variation of "e". The circumflex changes the pronunciation of "e" to be, but "e", without the circumflex, is pronounced as, or, depending on its placement in the word.

Chinese

In the Pinyin romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese, ê represents. It corresponds to Zhuyin ㄝ. The circumflex occurs only if ê is the only letter in the syllable: ề . Without the circumflex, e as, the only letter in the syllable, represents : è . Elsewhere, is written as a or e, with the appropriate tone mark,: xiān , xuǎn , xué , xièxie .
In Pe̍h-ōe-jī, ê is the fifth tone of e: ê.

French

Diacritics are not considered to be distinct letters of the French alphabet. In French, ê changes the pronunciation of e from /ə/ to /ɛ/. It is used instead of "è" for words that used to be written "es".

Friulian

Ê represents and.

Italian

Ê occasionally used to represent or in words like fêro.

Kurdish

Ê is the 7th letter of the Kurdish Kurmanji alphabet and represents /e/.

Persian

In Persian, ⟨ê⟩ is used to transcribe the Arabic consonant

Portuguese

In Portuguese, ê marks a stressed only in words whose stressed syllable is in an unpredictable location in the word: "pêssego". The letter, pronounced, can also contrast with é, pronounced, as in pé.

Tibetan

In Tibetan, ê is used in Tibetan pinyin, for example Gêrzê County.

Ukrainian

Ê is used in the ISO 9:1995 system of Ukrainian transliteration as the letter Є.

Vietnamese

Ê is the 9th letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents. In Vietnamese phonology, diacritics can be added to form five forms to represent five tones of ê:
In Welsh, ê represents long stressed e if the vowel would otherwise be pronounced as short : llên "literature", as opposed to llen "curtain", or gêm "game", as opposed to gem "gem, jewel". That is useful for borrowed words with a final stress like apêl "appeal".

Other

In Popido, a fictitious dialect of Esperanto made by Manuel Halvelik for use in literature, ê represents. It is only used epenthetically to break consonant clusters, especially before grammatical suffixes.

Character mappings

Unicode encoded 5 pairs of precomposed characters for the five tones of ê in Vietnamese. Two pairs of the five can also be used as the second and fourth tones of ê in Pinyin. The first and third tones of ê in Pinyin have to be represented by combining diacritical marks, like ê̄ and ê̌.