Ziemia Ziemia is a historical unit of administration in Poland and Ruthenia . In the Polish language , the term is not capitalized . All ziemias are named after main urban centers of a given area: ziemia krakowska , or ziemia lubelska . In some cases, the suffix "-szczyzna" is added to the name of a ziemia : ziemia lubelska is also called Lubelszczyzna , while ziemia opolska - Opolszczyzna . The term ziemia appeared for the first time in medieval Poland , after the fragmentation of Poland . It referred to a former princedom or duchy , which was unified with the Polish Kingdom , and lost its political sovereignty , but retained its hierarchy of officials and bureaucracy . From around the 14th century some of the former princedoms , now ziemia s, were assigned to officials known as voivodes and became primary units of administration known as voivodeships. Therefore, the Duchy of Sandomierz was turned into the Land of Sandomierz , which in the early 14th century became Sandomierz Voivodeship . However, in some cases ziemia s were not transformed into voivodeships. They were subordinated to a voivodeship and a certain voivode , but nevertheless retained some distinct privileges and properties, such as often having their own sejmik , and were still referred to as a ziemia , not a voivodeship. Some voivodeships, such as Ruthenian Voivodeship or Masovian Voivodeship , consisted of several ziemias , each divided into counties. Over subsequent centuries, ziemia s became increasingly integrated into their voivodeships and lost most of their autonomy. In the Imperial Russia there was an institution of zemstvo or local council . Today they are not units of administration, and in modern Poland are only generic geographical terms referring to certain parts of Poland. Currently , the term ziemia may apply to any area, historic or not, which is located around a main town or city. In Ukraine the term was intended to be introduced by Mykhailo Hrushevskyi in Ukraine as part of the administrative reform in 1918 which was interrupted by the Pavlo Skoropadskyi coup in April of that year. Currently oblasts of Ukraine are alternatively known through adding -shchyna to the administrative center's name such as Zhytomyrshchyna for Zhytomyr Oblast . Ziemia bielska. It was part of Podlasie Voivodeship , Ziemia buska, which was part of Bełz Voivodeship , Ziemia chełmińska . Divided into five counties, it was part of Chełmno Voivodeship , Ziemia chełmska . Divided into three counties, it was an exclave of Ruthenian Voivodeship, Ziemia czerska. Divided into three counties, it belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia ciechanowska. Divided into three counties, t belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia dobrzyńska . Divided into three counties, it was part of Inowrocław Voivodeship , Ziemia drohiczynska. It was part of Podlasie Voivodeship, Ziemia gostynińska. Divided into two counties, it was part of Rawa Voivodeship , Ziemia halicka. Divided into three counties, it was part of Ruthenian Voivodeship, Ziemia lęborsko-bytowska , which in the mid-1600s belonged to Pomeranian Voivodeship , Ziemia liwska. It belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia łomżyńska. It belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia łukowska, which was part of Lublin Voivodeship , Ziemia lwowska . Divided into two counties, it was part of Ruthenian Voivodeship Ziemia michałowska . Divided into two counties, it was part of Chełmno Voivodeship, Ziemia mielnicka. It was part of Podlasie Voivodeship, Ziemia nurska. It belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia przemyska . Divided into four counties, it was part of Ruthenian Voivodeship, Ziemia rawska. Divided into two counties, it was part of Rawa Voivodeship, Ziemia różańska. It belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia sanocka . With one county, ibelonged to Ruthenian Voivodeship, Ziemia sochaczewska. Divided into two counties, it was part of Rawa Voivodeship, Ziemia stężycka, named after Stężyca , with one county, part of Sandomierz Voivodeship, Ziemia warszawska. It belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia wieluńska. Divided into two counties, it was part of Sieradz Voivodeship , Ziemia wiska. It belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia wschowska, part of Poznań Voivodeship , Ziemia wyszogrodzka. It belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia zakroczymska. It belonged to Masovian Voivodeship, Ziemia zawkrzeńska. Divided into three counties, it was part of Płock Voivodeship .
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