The Zhongli Incident was a democracy movement in the Taiwanese town of Zhongli in 1977, after a voter reported witnessing the Kuomintang rigging the election.
Historical background
In the 1950s and 1960s non-Kuomintang candidates could run for local positions in Taiwan, but were effectively barred from national or provincial posts because of a lack of resources and a government-controlled press that always supported the Kuomintang dictatorship. In the 1970s they began to coalesce into what came to be known as the Tangwai movement though martial law under the Kuomintang prevented the formation of a unified opposition party. The movement gained strength from gradual emergence of a sense of Taiwanese identity and was emboldened by steps taken by Washington and Beijing toward normalization of diplomatic relations, undermining the Kuomintang's claim to be the legitimate government of all of China, including Taiwan. During local elections in 1977, the Kuomintang lost ground to Tangwai candidates.
Incident
In 1977, the loose group of opposition candidates won 34% of the vote in the elections for the Taiwan Provincial Assembly. The growing opposition began to have an effect inside the Kuomintang. One popular figure, Hsu Hsin-liang, left the party and ran as a Tangwai for a local county magistrate's position in November 1977. Hsu Hsin-liang was an unpredictable political figure, a self labeled "socialist", who wanted to maintain the Taiwanese economic base while humanizing its class structure. He vigorously advocated parliamentary democracy and Taiwan independence, and frequently attacked the state's political corruption and systematic violation of human rights. Hsu commonly spoke Hakka at public rallies, in defiance of the Kuomintang's insistence on Mandarin Chinese. On election day, rumors began to circulate that a poll worker had destroyed ballots. Ballot vigilantes escorted the poll worker to the nearby police station, but he was quickly let go and continued to work at the polls. As more rumors of ballot rigging began to accumulate, the poll worker was accused of again destroying ballots. Policemen were called and formed a protective line. As the anger grew, protesters began to throw rocks and overturn police cars. At one point, a tear gas grenade was thrown, and two youths, Chiang Wen-kuo and Chang Chi-ping, were said to have been shot dead by the police. By the end of the night, the protesters had burned down the police station. The riot became known as the "Zhongli incident". It was the first significant political protest on the streets since the 1940s. After the event, the regime's policy of riot control was to use police and military police for such purposes. The incident galvanized dissidents with a surge of hope. A book was written called Long Live the Election by Lin Cheng-chieh and Chang Fu-chong.
