The yellow wattlebird is a species of bird in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. Other names include the long or Tasmanian wattlebird.
Taxonomy
French zoologist François Marie Daudin described the yellow wattlebird in 1800 as Corvus paradoxus. The generic nameAnthochaera derives from the Ancient Greekanthos 'flower, bloom' and khairō 'enjoy'. The specific epithetparadoxa derives from the Ancient Greek paradoxos meaning 'strange, extraordinary'.
Description
The yellow wattlebird is the largest of the honeyeaters, and is endemic to Tasmania. They are usually long. They are named for the wattles hanging from the cheeks. Yellow wattlebirds are slim birds with a short, strong bill. They have a white face and black-streaked crown. They also have a long, pendulous yellow-orange wattle. The wattle becomes brighter during the breeding season. They have dark wings and a yellow belly, whereas the upperparts are grey to dusky brown. The female yellow wattlebird is much smaller than the male. The young yellow wattlebirds have much smaller wattles, a paler head, and a browner underbelly than the adult birds. The yellow wattlebird is similar in appearance to the little wattlebird and the red wattlebird.
Distribution and Habitat
Yellow wattlebirds are common in Tasmania, especially in the eastern and central areas. They are uncommon on King Island, and two possible sightings recorded on the southern Mornington Peninsula in Victorialackmaterial evidence. Yellow wattlebirds live in a variety of habitats including both dry and wet forests, and from sea level to the subalpine zone. They live in coastal heaths, forests and gardens near Eucalyptus trees. They also can be found in mountain shrubberies and open woodlands, particularly those dominated by Banksia. They have also been known to occur on golf courses, and in orchards, parks and gardens.
Behaviour
Yellow wattlebirds are active and acrobatic with a strong flight. They are fairly tame birds and often enter gardens looking for food. Harsh, raucous and grating, their calls have often been compared to a person coughing or belching, with a gurgling growk or repeated clok sound Yellow wattlebirds feed on the nectar of eucalypts and banksias, fruit, insects, spiders, honeydew, and manna. They forage at all levels from the ground to the canopy. However, the blossoming of eucalyptus trees can be highly irregular in time and place, causing considerable changes from year to year in the breeding distribution of yellow wattlebirds, which rely on their nectar as a main source of food. Therefore, the most likely threat to the yellow wattlebird is unusual climatic conditions that can reduce food availability suddenly. Yellow wattlebirds can pollinate eucalyptus trees by carrying pollen in their bills or on the feathers of their heads.
Breeding
Yellow wattlebirds nest in breeding pairs and aggressively defend their territories from other birds. The nest of the yellow wattlebird is made by the female alone, and is a large, open saucer-shaped structure made of twigs and bark that are bound by wool. The inside of the nest is lined with wool and grass. The nests can be up to high and are found in trees or shrubs. Yellow wattlebirds lay 2–3 eggs that are salmon-red, spotted and blotched red-brown, purplish-red and blue-grey. Both the males and femalesincubatethe egg and feed the young.
