Yaquimusic is the music of the Yaqui tribe and people of Arizona and Sonora. Their most famous music are the deer songs which accompany the deer dance. They are often noted for their mixture of American Indian and Catholic religious thought. Their deer song rituals resemble those of other Uto-Aztecan groups though is more central to their culture. Native and Spanish instruments are used including the harp, violin or fiddle, rasp, drum, and rattles. Singing forms include the deer songs as well as messenger songs, corn wine songs, fly songs, and coyote songs. The first recordings of Yaqui music, including thirteen deer songs, were made by Frances Densmore in 1922. A display at the Arizona State Museum depicts the deer dance and provides a rendition of a deer song. Because the melody spans a modestrange, it is ideally suited to instruments that have a limited pitch range, and has been transcribed for the Native American flute. The deer dance, usually held all night, thanks and honors the deer, little brother, for coming from its home, the flower world, and letting itself be killed so that people may live. Deer dancers, pahkolam, wear rattles around their ankles made from butterfly cocoons, honoring the insect world, and rattles from the hooves of deer around their waist, honoring the many deer who have died. The dance is also accompanied by singing and instruments including water drum and frame drum, rasp, gourd rattles held by the dancers, as well as the flute, fiddle, and frame harp. The pahkolam dance, give sermons, host, joke, and put on comedic skits, such as pretending to be coyotes. The deer singers sing lyrics describing things from nature and which may be seen by the deer. The song lyrics use a way of talking which differs slightly from casual Yaqui and resembles Yaqui elders' speech in some ways, for example syllable repetition such as the use of yeyewe rather than yewe, or substituting for another phoneme. Deer songs also contain important terms, such as seyewailo, which may be considered archaic. Fairly conventionalized, deer songs consist of two sections, comparable to stanzas, the first and the concluding parts: "the first part is sung many times and then the concluding part will fall down there." The conclusion often uses antithesis.
