William Motherby was the originator of the idea of an annual midday meal to celebrate Immanuel Kant on Kant's birthday, which is shared by members of the Society of Kant's Friends on 22 April every year. Till 1944 it was held in Königsberg. After the war it moved to Göttingen and, in 1976, to Mainz. In 2008 the celebration returned to the city now known as Kaliningrad, where it has been held annually since, now attended by Kant's admirers from a number of countries.
Life
William Motherby was born in Königsberg, East Prussia. He was one of the eleven recorded children of Kant's friend :de:Robert Motherby|Robert Motherby. His mother, born Charlotte Toussaint, was the daughter of a merchant from Magdeburg. Further back, the Toussaint family had come from France, while Robert Motherby had been born in Yorkshire, England and emigrated in 1751 to Königsberg at the invitation of fellow Yorkshireman Joseph Green who had been looking for a reliable young Englishman to help him with his business. As a boy William Motherby attended the "progressive" Philanthropinum in Dessau. He then returned to Königsberg where he resolved to study medicine, enrolling at the university on 8 March 1792. He concluded his formal education in Edinburgh where he received his doctorate in 1798. He then returned to Königsberg and established himself as a respected physician. He took a lead on the area over the introduction of cowpox vaccine as a way to prevent smallpox, and contributed to at least two learned papers on the subject. As William was growing up the Motherby household was becoming the focus of spirited socialising. His circle of friends included several of some of the city's best known intellectuals and literary figures. According to Wilhelm von Humboldt and Ernst Moritz Arndt, the social attributes of William Motherby's young wife, born Johanna Charlotte Tillheim, were an additional attraction. Motherby's own friendship with both Humboldt and Arndt is attested to by the longstanding correspondence between them. Later, in his 1847 work "Kant und seine Tischgenossen", :de:Christian Friedrich Reusch|Christian Friedrich Reusch, whose father, the physicist :de:Karl Daniel Reusch|Karl Daniel Reusch had himself been a member of Kant's social circle, recalled that "Dr. med. William Motherby" had been a guest at Kant's house once or twice each week: Someone else who remembered William Motherby in his own memoires was Ernst August Hagen: William and Johanna Motherby's own children, Anna and :de:Robert Motherby |Robert, were born in 1807 and 1808. However, the couple later drifted apart, and were formally divorced in 1822. Two years later Johanna married the physician Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach, although that marriage, too, would end in divorce. Kant had died early in 1804, and during the final decades of his own life William Motherby increasingly devoted himself to farming. He founded the East Prussian "Association for the Support of Agriculture", becoming its director, and producing various papers on agricultural matters. From 1827 or 1832 he held the tenancy on the landed estate at :de:Pobeda |Arnsberg, in the flat countryside to the south of the city. which he farmed with great success, and promoting the nutritional benefits from eating horse meat. He spent the summer months on his estate but still able to spend the winter months in Königsberg. It was only in 1840 that he completely closed down his medical practice in the city.
