Wilhelm Henschel


Wilhelm Henschel was a German-Jewish artist especially known for his drawings, and as a member of the artistic team the Brothers Henschel, together with his three brothers, Friedrich, August und Moritz. Active in Berlin and in their hometown, Breslau, the brothers were known for drawings, pastels, engravings, miniature paintings, and lithographs.

Biography

Wilhelm and his brothers were born of a Jewish family, in Trachenberg, and grew up in Breslau, then in Prussian Silesia. Their father, Hirsch Henschel, was a merchant; their uncle Elias Henschel was a prominent physician. In Breslau the brothers attended the new Jewish secular school, where, among other subjects, they learned drawing.
The brothers moved to Berlin around 1804 to pursue their art; in that year Wilhelm Henschel exhibited for the first time at the Prussian Academy of Arts. In 1806 all four brothers had individual entries in the Academy exhibition; and in 1810 they collectively participated with some ten works, including pastels and engravings.
The Henschel brothers' oeuvre focused on portraits, theater and ballet performances, and cityscapes. Besides producing engravings, they were among the first in Berlin to experiment with the new printing technique of lithography.
Between 1809 and 1818 they published a series of engravings depicting the popular German actor August Wilhelm Iffland, in scenes from plays, under the title Ifflands mimische Darstellungen für Schauspieler und Zeichner, in 20 issues, of six plates each. The drawings on which the works were based were mainly by Wilhelm Henschel, while August Henschel was responsible for the engravings. The drawings were made from life during performances Iffland gave at Prussia's royal national theater between 1808 and 1811, in roles such as King Lear, Shylock, and Wilhelm Tell ; each depicted a particular scene and was captioned with lines from the play.
In an age in which the theater held a central place in German culture, the Henschel brothers conceived of these works as an aid to actors, artists, and the educated public for grasping the art of expression; and believed that the best means of engaging the intellect was through a combination of text and image. The eminent Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who was familiar with the Henschels' work, took note of the Iffland publication in his periodical Über Kunst und Altertum, remarking favorably on the skill with which they captured Iffland's expressions and gestures.
In 1812 the Prussian Academy of Arts bestowed upon Wilhelm Henschel and his brother August the title “Akademische Künstler”, although, as Jews, they were never members of the academy.
In 1819, in honor of Goethe's 70th birthday, the Henschel brothers began work on a series of pictures depicting scenes from the poet's life, based on episodes he recounts in the first volume of his autobiography. They dedicated the work to the Prussian king, Friedrich Wilhelm III, and sent the king a first printing of an initial set, in May 1819; the series was finally completed and published in its entirety as Scenen aus Goethe's Leben in 1821.
The Henschel brothers produced portraits of many personalities of Berlin of their times, including Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Wilhelm von Humboldt, August von Kotzebue, and Julius von Voss. They produced numerous portraits for the king and his family, including memorial portraits following the death of Queen Luise, in 1810.
When August Henschel died in 1828, Wilhelm returned to his home city of Breslau; his two other brothers, Friedrich and Moritz, had already done so at an earlier point, even as they had all continued to work as an artistic team.

Selected Works by the Brothers Henschel