There is a lighthouse at the south-eastern end, and highest point, of the island. There is an airstrip on the island as well as a jetty. The island is not permanently inhabited, but has buildings used for holiday accommodation and as a base for local and offshore recreational fishing. It is also a dive site.
History
Wedge Island was named in 1802 by Matthew Flinders. It was originally settled in the mid-19th century as a farm for breeding horses for the British Indian Army, with various agricultural activities such sheep and cattle grazing and wheat cropping continuing for the next 130 years. In 1929, Andrew Golley left the island after living there for forty years. He had originally moved there with his parents. His interest in the island was transferred to H. R. Littley who moved there with his wife, son, daughter and son-in-law. During World War II, Wedge Island was used as a radar station by the Royal Australian Air Force. A bunker was constructed near the lighthouse and was occupied by about 40 RAAF personnel for several years.
Flora and fauna
Fauna
An account of the wildlife on Wedge Island from 1928 reads:
"The penguins were busy with their half-grown youngsters, and after darkthe night echoed to their weird and ghostlike cries. Quail were plentiful among the grass paddocks and flew up almost from beneath our feet, while high above our heads a pair of wedge-tailed eagles wheeled and circled then planed slowly down to alight upon a lone pinnacle of the rocky western coast."
Further detail appears in a 1929 account:
"Seabirds abound. Penguins and hair seals are on Wedge Island also. About September, mutton birds arrive in huge flocks. They breed extensively on Gambier Island, which is close to Wedge."
Little penguins are known to have lived on the island from at least 1924, and were known to the Gambier Islands since at least 1869. A 1986 account of North Island described a population of "thousands" of muttonbirds and penguins there. Little penguin breeding sites were noted in a 1996 survey of South Australia's offshore islands. A 1928 account of the Haycocks describes a party from the Avocet filming the "large number" of seals there. In 2004 there were estimated to be fewer than 100 little penguins in the colony.
Introduced species
The island has had many species introduced to it since European colonisation. It has been used to breed horses for re-mounting of the British armed forces in India. It has also been ravaged by goats. Turkeys were plentiful there in the 1920s. Southern hairy-nosed Wombats were introduced in 1971 to boost tourism appeal and there are now about 300 living on the island. The endangered Brush-tailed Bettong has been introduced to the island for the purpose of conserving the species.
