WNAC-TV (Boston)


WNAC-TV, channel 7, was a television station located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The station was owned by RKO General. Originally established in 1948, WNAC-TV signed off for the final time at 1:00 am on May 22, 1982, due to improprieties by its parent company; it was replaced that morning with WNEV-TV, which operates on a separate license.

History

Origins

The station first signed on the air on June 21, 1948, as WNAC-TV, the second television station in Boston after WBZ-TV, which debuted twelve days earlier. WNAC-TV originally operated as a CBS affiliate, but also carried some programs from the ABC and the now-defunct DuMont Television Network. The station was originally owned by General Tire, along with WNAC radio, which served as the flagship station of the Yankee Network, a regional New England radio network. General Tire had purchased the Yankee Network in 1943. WNAC-TV first broadcast from the WNAC/Yankee Network's studios at 21 Brookline Avenue, near Fenway Park, before RKO moved its Boston operations to new facilities near Government Center at 40 Hawkins Street–later renamed 7 Bulfinch Place–in 1968.
In 1950, General Tire bought the West Coast regional Don Lee Broadcasting System. Two years later, it acquired the Bamberger Broadcasting Service and merged its broadcasting interests into a new division, General Teleradio. General Tire purchased RKO Radio Pictures in 1955 after General Tire found that RKO's film library would be a perfect programming source for WNAC-TV and its other television stations. The studio was merged into General Teleradio to become RKO Teleradio; after the film studio was dissolved, the business was renamed RKO General in 1959.
By 1955, ABC began to increase the amount of programming seen as "secondary clearances" on channel 7, which continued until the original incarnation of WHDH-TV signed on over channel 5 in 1957. However, WNAC-TV was in danger of losing its CBS affiliation that same year when Storer Broadcasting planned to purchase WMUR-TV in nearby Manchester, New Hampshire and move its transmitter to just outside Haverhill, Massachusetts – only 20 miles north of Boston; approval of the move would have potentially made WNAC-TV a full-time ABC affiliate and resulted in the aforementioned channel 5 signing on as an independent station, but Storer's purchase of channel 9 never materialized as outcry from New Hampshire viewers led regulators to reject its request to build a new tower near Haverhill; Storer eventually purchased WIHS-TV in 1966 and changed its call letters to WSBK-TV. The station also had a secondary affiliation with the Paramount Television Network; in fact it was one of that company's strongest affiliates, carrying Paramount programs such as Time For Beany, Dixie Showboat, Hollywood Reel, and Armchair Detective. From 1948 to 1950, WNAC-TV shared the rights to Boston Braves game telecasts with WBZ-TV; and shared rights to Boston Red Sox telecasts with WBZ-TV from 1948 to 1954. In the fall of 1948, WNAC-TV became the first station to televise games of the Boston Bruins, carrying the third period of home games.
WNAC-TV was nearly sold by RKO General, along with its radio sisters, to NBC as part of a multi-city transaction and station trade between the two companies announced in March 1960. As a preemptive move, CBS decided to move its Boston affiliation to WHDH-TV when the changeover became official. However, final approval of the RKO-NBC deal was held up at the Federal Communications Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice due to issues involving NBC's ownership of WRCV-AM-TV in Philadelphia, which RKO would acquire in the trade. Meanwhile, WNAC-TV reached an agreement to carry ABC programs in what was thought to be an interim arrangement. The affiliation swap between WNAC-TV and WHDH-TV went into effect on January 1, 1961. Ultimately, the RKO-NBC transaction never materialized, and channel 7 would remain an RKO-owned ABC affiliate for the next eleven years.
In 1969, the Boston Herald-Traveler Corp., WHDH-TV's parent company, lost its license to operate channel 5. Boston Broadcasters, Inc., the owners of the station that replaced it, WCVB-TV, planned to air more local programming than any other station in the country, heavily preempting CBS programming in the process. CBS was not pleased with the prospect of massive preemptions on what would have been its second-largest affiliate and its largest affiliate on the East Coast. The CBS affiliation immediately moved back to channel 7, leaving channel 5 to affiliate with ABC. The second network switch in Boston–essentially, a reversal of what took place in 1961–occurred on March 19, 1972, WCVB-TV's first day of operations; Boston's ABC affiliation remains on channel 5 to this day. However, late in 1973, WNAC-TV adopted a version of the circle 7 logo, similar to that used by ABC's owned-and-operated stations; in 1977, ABC complained that the station was infringing on its trademark, and changed its logo to a Times-Serif-Italic "7". In late 1981, a stylish, strip-layered "7" was introduced, which ended up being the last logo redesign under RKO General ownership.
Two legendary Boston television personalities had shows on WNAC-TV: Louise Morgan, who hosted a talk show and was known as "New England's First Lady of Radio and Television", and Ed McDonnell, who as the costumed character "Major Mudd", hosted a popular children's show from 1961 through 1973.

Fight for survival and transition

By 1965, RKO General faced numerous investigations into its business and financial practices. Though the FCC renewed channel 7's license in 1969, RKO General lost the license in 1981 after General Tire admitted to a litany of corporate misconduct – which among other things, included the admission that General Tire had committed financial fraud over illegal political contributions and bribes – as part of a settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. However, in the FCC hearings, RKO General had withheld evidence of General Tire's misconduct and had also failed to disclose evidence of accounting errors on its own part. In light of RKO's dishonesty, the FCC stripped RKO of the Boston license and the licenses for KHJ-TV in Los Angeles and WOR-TV. The FCC had previously conditioned renewal of the latter two stations' licenses on WNAC-TV's renewal. An appeals court partially reversed the ruling and ordered new hearings for the Los Angeles and New York licenses, finding that the FCC had overreached in connecting them to WNAC-TV's renewal. However, it upheld the revocation of WNAC-TV's license, finding that RKO's dishonesty alone merited the loss of that license.
RKO appealed this decision, but in February 1982 the FCC awarded a construction permit for a new channel 7 station to New England Television, a merger of two of the original rivals to the station's license controlled by Boston grocery magnate David Mugar. Two months later in April the U.S. Supreme Court denied its appeal, forcing RKO to surrender the station's license; RKO then sold the non-license assets of WNAC-TV to NETV.
On the evening of May 21, 1982, RKO General’s final full day of operating WNAC-TV, the station pre-empted CBS’s primetime schedule to broadcast Game Six of the NBA Eastern Conference Finals, between the Boston Celtics and the Philadelphia 76ers. This was followed by a local public affairs program, the 11:00 pm newscast, and a delayed airing of the CBS drama Nurse. Just after 1:00 am on May 22, following a rebroadcast of the late news, channel 7 signed-off for the final time as WNAC-TV. New England Television took over channel 7 at the 5:55 am sign-on that morning, under a new license as WNEV-TV.
WNEV-TV acquired WNAC-TV's former studios on Bulfinch Place as well as its transmitter and tower plant in Newton. It also inherited WNAC-TV's CBS affiliation and syndicated program contracts, along with most of its staff. The station has operated since 1990 under the call letters WHDH-TV and was Boston's NBC affiliate from 1995 to 2016 before becoming a news-intensive independent station. WHDH-TV claims WNAC-TV's pre-1982 history as its own, though it operates under a separate license.

Programming

Preempted programming

Over the years, WNAC-TV did not preempt much network programming. This fact greatly appealed to CBS when it decided to abandon the original WHDH-TV in 1972 and re-affiliate with WNAC.

Sports programming

WNAC-TV first broadcast the games of the NFL's New England Patriots from the completion of the AFL/NFL merger in 1970 until 1981 thorough CBS' broadcast contract with the NFC; those games were limited to home interconference contests. WNAC also aired Boston Celtics Games from 1973 to 1982 via CBS' broadcast rights to the NBA as well.

News department history

1948–1965

WNAC-TV's first newscasts were sponsored by Shawmut Bank and were named Shawmut Bank Newsteller. The title had a double meaning; that of an anchor who told the news, and that of the program being compared to a bank teller making a withdrawal of news and information from a "news bank", at the public's request. This format lasted from WNAC's launch on June 21, 1948, until the early 1950s, when the branding changed to reflect RKO's Yankee Network and its personnel, which also handled news on RKO's radio side. WNAC-TV's relationship with WNAC radio was also touted more starting at this time. From then on through the mid-1960s, the newscasts were known as Yankee Network News.

1965–1972

By 1967, most of WNAC's in-house productions, including news and public affairs programs, began to be broadcast in color. Several years later, the newscasts' titles were changed to New England Today and New England Tonight. Reporter John Henning briefly served as the station's lead anchor before leaving for WHDH-TV because, as he complained, the station was more interested in feature films than news. In 1970, the station was the first to promote its newscasts with a music package based on a jingle, called "Move Closer to Your World". Two years later, WNAC's news director moved to Philadelphia's WPVI-TV and took the theme music with him, where it became iconically associated with that station. Also during this era, a series of anchor teams led the newscasts, including Jim Hale and Howard Nielsen and later Hale and Ken Thomas. The station revamped its anchor desk entirely in 1970, naming Lee Nelson and Chuck Scarborough as the anchor team. After serving in the role from 1970 to 1974, Scarborough moved to WNBC in New York City, where he remains today.

1972–1982

The New England Today/Tonight format lasted until mid-1972, just months after the switch from ABC to CBS. RKO General then revised the station's on-air image once again to now include the moniker "Boston 7". The station's newscasts were titled Boston 7 Newsroom from 1972 to 1974 when it was shortened to Newsroom 7. For WNAC's final year on the Channel 7 position, the newscasts were simply named News 7.
Despite its links with the Yankee Network's well-respected news department, WNAC-TV spent most of its first 20 years on the air as a distant third in the Boston ratings, behind WBZ-TV. However, the station had begun to be fairly competitive in the early 1970s. For a brief period in 1974, WNAC's 6 p.m. newscast jumped from third place to first. Ted O'Brien, who had replaced Scarborough as the station's primary anchor, remained as lead anchor until being paired with Jay Scott, a young reporter who was hired with a publicity campaign claiming that the news director, on a nationwide talent hunt, had found Scott in a hotel room in Denver, where he had watched television looking for talent. A few years later, John Henning returned to the station from WCVB-TV as Scott's replacement. Henning was joined on WNAC's newscasts by station standbys Eddie Andelman and Dr. Fred Ward and reporters Gary Armstrong, Gayle Sinibaldo, Charlene Mitchell, Tanya Hart, Mike Levine, and Sheila Fox. The station went through several News Directors and Station Managers. The RKO licensing difficulties over the next few years were accompanied by a drop in the ratings. In 1979, the station hired its first female lead anchor, when Mary Richardson was hired to co-anchor the 11 p.m. broadcast. In 1980, Brad Holbrook was added as Henning's new co-anchor. Henning left the station in June 1981 after his four-year contract was up.
During the 1970s and early 1980s, the station's news department suffered a number of blunders. During a December 1977 broadcast, anchor Jack Cole stated "We'll be back with more alleged news" following a report on how to clean a chimney for Santa Claus. On April 1, 1980, the station aired a news report that stated that Great Blue Hill in Milton, Massachusetts was erupting. The story was an April Fools' joke, but the prank resulted in panic in Milton. The station's image was also tarnished by the arrests of reporter Charlene Mitchell for shoplifting and sports reporter Bob Gamere for drunk driving, as well as the revelation that former reporter Stephen Guptill falsely claimed two degrees on his resume.
In the year leading up to RKO's sale of channel 7's assets to David Mugar after losing its licensing appeal, the station hired Susan Brady to co-anchor with Brad Holbrook. The changes did not cease during WNAC's remaining months. After RKO's loss of the WNAC license in 1980 was upheld by the Federal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, Brady left for a position in Los Angeles. She was quickly replaced by young weekend anchor Susan Burke, who worked with Holbrook both during the transition from RKO to New England Television and for the first months of the new ownership.

News/station presentation

Newscast titles