Vallée de Mai


Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve is a nature park and UNESCO World Heritage Site on the island of Praslin, Seychelles. It consists of a well-preserved palm forest, flagship species made up of the island endemic coco de mer, as well as five other endemic palms. The coco de mer, a monocot tree in the Arecaceae, has the largest seeds of any plant in the world. Also unique to the park is its wildlife, including birds such as the rare Seychelles black parrot, mammals, crustaceans, snails, and reptiles. There has been a determined effort to eliminate all the introduced exotic species of plants from the area but this has not been successful in eliminating coffee, pineapple, and ornamental palms thus far. This forest, with its peculiar plant and animal species, is a relict from the time when the supercontinent of Gondwana was divided into smaller parts, leaving the Seychelles islands between the present day Madagascar and India.

Geography

The reserve is in the middle of the Praslin Island which is the second largest island in Seychelles, where the highest mountain, Fond Azore, rises to a height of. Praslin is in area. It is located to northeast of Mahe, about away It is the lower region of a valley near the head of a stream. It covers an area of a 19.5 ha and is in a virgin state, and is traced to the prehistoric times.
The geological formation is of granite as is the entire island; called as a "microcontinent", its evolution is not of volcanic or coraline origin as is the other islands in the Indian Ocean.

Legend

The British General Charles George Gordon propagated a myth in the 19th century after he visited the island on a military mission in 1881.
Based on a Kabbalistic review of the Book of Genesis, he visioned Vallée de Mai as the Garden of Eden. He had said that he had corroborative proof to support this. His theory was that the palm tree was the tree of knowledge representing both good and evil, and that the breadfruit tree introduced into the island, was the tree of life. He even went to the extent of marking the exact location of the Garden of Eden on the island as the ‘'Coco-de-mer" valley. Only in this reserve, apart from the endemic coco de mer, are all of Seychelles' endemic palm species found together. His observation was that the peculiar suggestive shape of its fruits was to have "caused the plague of our forefathers in the Garden of Eden". His observation was contested by another writer H. Watley Estridge who pointed out to Gordon that the thick husk of the fruit was impossible to have been bitten through by Eve, to which Gordon had no plausible answer. The endemic black parrot almost exclusively nests in the dead standing trunks of this palm.

History

The park was an undisturbed virgin forest till the 1930s. The locale got the status of Nature Reserve under the Wild Birds Protection Regulation S. I. 27/1696, on 18 April 1966. This was followed by changing the status to a National Park for better conservation and preservation actions under the National Parks and Nature Conservancy Act S.I. No. 57 of 1979, Praslin National Park Order of 1979, and the Cocooode- Management Decree 1978.
Inscribed by UNESCO in 1983 under Criterion,,, and, Vallée de Mai is one of the organization's smallest natural World Heritage Sites.

Flora

The park is the habitat for endemic coco-de-mer, which is reported as the "flagship species of global significance" growing to a height of. It is fan-shaped with leaves long and wide, and its petioles are long. The tree bears the largest double nut with the largest seed, among the species of the plant biodiversity found in the world; the weight of its largest fruit was. This tree is made up of stilt roots and has its canopy formed by leaves. The roots and the trunk are not easily distinguishable and they bear fruits of round and oval shape. There are five other endemic palm species; millionaire's salad, thief palm, Seychelles stilt palm latanier millepattes and latanier palm. These six species of palms are not only unique to this reserve but also to the Seychelles, and are not found anywhere else in the Indian Ocean in its pristine ancient state of evolution. The forest is dense with Pandanus screw palms and broad leaf trees. Chrysobalanus icaco Cocoplum is also reported. The aesthetic beauty of this natural palm forest is a grand display of an array of green, red and brown palm fronds. Some amount of supplementation has occurred in the plantation of these species of palms with the only intent of maintaining the ecosystem.
There are some 4000 palm trees in the park. Two other endemic trees in the park are Dillena furruginea also known as bwa rouz and Northea hornei or the Kapisen. Takamaka trees are the entrance to the park and when they flower Seychelles sun birds feed on the nectar of the flowers. Shy tenrec have been introduced into the park from Madagascar.

Fauna

The prominent avifauna, both endemic and global species, with the palm trees as their habitat, are: the Seychelles black parrot , Alectroenas pulcherrimus ; Hypsipetes crassirostris ; Nectarinia dussumieri ; Collocalia francica ; and Falco araea.
Other animals are Archaius tigris ; Trachylepis seychellensis ; Mabuya wrightii ; Scelotes braueri; Pamelaescincus gardineri ; tiger chameleons; Ailuronyx seychellensis ; caecilians and tree frogs. Phelsuma astriata ; and Phelsuma sundbergi. Reptile species are; Boaedon geometricus ; Lycognathophis seychellensis ; and Ramphotyphlops braminus. Six species of caecilians, a group of worm-like amphibians, are reported from the deep moist soil layers of the park. Seychelles treefrogs are seen hugging the tree leaves.
Mollusca found in the park are Praslin snail which has a twirled and pointed shell, and the large Stylodonta studeriana. They are found to feed on the palm coco de mer; the male feeds on the flowers on the catkin of the male coco de mer.
The endemic golden panchax is the only freshwater fish endemic to the Seychelles. There are also several freshwater crustaceans and other invertebrates in the park.