The town began in 1850, when the Creek Nation constructed a school at this site on the Texas Road. By 1881, the population of freedmen had increased in the area, while the number of Native Americans had declined. The Creek Council then transferred the Creek children to another school and gave the town of Tullahassee to the freedmen. A post office opened in 1899, and the town was incorporated in 1902. It is now the oldest of the 13 remaining all-Black towns in the state. In 1916, the African Methodist Episcopal Church opened Flipper Davis College in the old Tullahassee Mission building. The college was the only private higher level education institution for African Americans in Oklahoma. This school closed in 1935.
As of the census of 2000, there were 106 people, 39 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was 200.4 people per square mile. There were 49 housing units at an average density of 92.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 66.98% African American, 28.30% White, 0.94% Native American, and 3.77% from two or more races. There were 39 households out of which 17.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couplesliving together, 20.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.40. In the town, the population was spread out with 25.5% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males. The median income for a household in the town was $14,750, and the median income for a family was $13,750. Males had a median income of $21,875 versus $12,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $8,537. There were 42.3% of families and 58.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 94.0% of under eighteens and 22.2% of those over 64.
