Tucanoan languages

Language contact

Classification

Chacon (2014)

• ?Cueretú †
• Napo
• *Orejón
• *Correguaje–Secoya
• **Correguaje
• **Siona–Secoya
• ***?Macaguaje †
• ***Siona
• ***Secoya
• ***?Tama †

• South
• *Tanimuca
• *?Yauna †
• West
• *Barasana–Macuna
• **Macuna
• **Barasana
• *Cubeo–Desano
• **Cubeo
• **Yupua–Desano
• ***?Yupuá †
• ***Desano–Siriano
• East
• *Central
• **Tucano
• **Waimaha–Tatuyo
• ***Waimajã
• ***Tatuyo
• *North
• **Kotiria–Piratapuyo
• ***Guanano
• ***Piratapuyo
• **Pisamira–Yuruti
• ***Pisamira-Carapano
• ***Tuyuca–Yuruti
• ****Tuyuka
• ****Yurutí

Jolkesky (2016)

• Tukano, Western
• *Kueretu: Kueretu †
• *Tukano, Western, Nuclear
• **Mai Huna: Mai Huna
• **Koreguaje-Pioje
• ***Koreguaje-Tama
• ****Koreguaje: Koreguaje
• ****Tama: Tama †
• ***Pioje
• ****Makaguaje: Makaguaje †
• ****Sekoya: Sekoya
• ****Siona: Siona
• ****Tetete: Tetete †
• Tukano, Eastern
• *Tanimuka-Retuarã-Yahuna: Tanimuka; Retuarã; Yahuna
• *Tukano, Eastern, West
• **Kubeo-Desano
• ***Kubeo: Kubeo
• ***Desano-Yupua
• ****Desano-Siriano: Desano; Siriano
• ****Yupua: Yupua †
• **Makuna-Barasano-Eduria: Makuna; Barasano; Eduria
• *Tukano, Eastern, East
• **Tukano-Tatuyo
• ***Tukano: Tukano
• ***Tatuyo-Bara-Waimaha
• ****Tatuyo: Tatuyo
• ****Bara-Waimaha: Bara; Waimaha
• **Tuyuka-Wanano
• ***Wanano-Piratapuyu
• ****Wanano: Wanano
• ****Piratapuyo: Piratapuyo
• ***Tuyuka-Karapanã
• ****Karapanã-Pisamira: Karapanã; Pisamira
• ****Tuyuka-Yuruti: Tuyuka; Yuruti

  Varieties

• Tama - spoken on the Yarú River and Caguán River, Caquetá territory, Colombia, but now perhaps extinct.
• Coreguaje - spoken at the sources of the Caquetá River, department of Cauca, Colombia.
• Amaguaje / Encabellado / Rumo - extinct language once spoken on the Aguarico River, department of Loreto, Peru.
• Siona / Zeona / Ceño / Kokakañú - language spoken at the sources of the Putumayo River and Caquetá River, Putumayo territory, Colombia.
• Ificuene - spoken between the Güepi River and Aguarico River, Loreto.
• Eno - language spoken by a few individuals at the mouth of the San Miguel River, Caquetá territory, Colombia.
• Secoya - language spoken on the Putumayo River, Oriente province, Ecuador.
• Icaguate - extinct language once spoken on the Caucaya River and Putumayo River, Putumayo territory, Colombia.
• Macaguaje - spoken in the same territory on the Mecaya River and Caucaya River and around Puerto Restrepo, by a few families.
• Tetete / Eteteguaje - extinct language once spoken at the sources of the Güepi River, Loreto.
• Pioje / Angotero / Ancutere - spoken on the Napo River, Tarapoto River, and Aguarico River, Loreto.
• Cóto / Payoguaje - spoken at the mouth of the Napo River, Loreto, Peru.

• Yahuna / Jaúna - spoken on the Apoporis River, territory of Amazonas, Colombia.
• Tanimuca / Opaina - spoken by a small tribe on the Popeyaca River and Guacayá River, Amazonas, Colombia.
• Dätuana - spoken north of the preceding tribe on the Apoporis River.
• Menimehe - spoken by a very little known tribe at the mouth of the Mirití-paraná River and Caquetá River.

• Yupua / Hiupiá - spoken on the Coca River, a tributary of the Apoporis River, Colombia.
• Kushiita - once spoken at the mouth of the Apoporis River, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Now perhaps extinct.
• Durina / Sokó - spoken on the Carapato River, Amazonas territory, Colombia.

• Coretu / Kueretú - spoken on the Mirití-paraná River, state of Amazonas, Brazil.

• Cubeo / Kobéua / Kaniwa / Hahanana - spoken on the Caiarí River and Cuduiarí River, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Dialects are:
• *Dyuremáwa / Yiboia-tapuya - spoken on the Querarí River, Amazonas.
• *Bahukíwa / Bahuna - spoken by a tribe that originally spoke a language of the Arawak stock, on the Cuduiarí River.
• *Hehénawa - spoken on the Cuduiarí River.
• *Hölöua - spoken on the Cuduiarí River, now perhaps extinct.

• Särä - spoken between the Tiquié River and Piraparaná River, Vaupés territory, Colombia.
• Ömöa - spoken at the sources of the Tiquié River, Colombia.
• Buhágana / Karawatana - spoken on the Piraparaná River, Colombia.
• Macuna - spoken at the mouth of the Apoporis River, Colombia.

• Erulia / Paboa / Eduria - spoken on the Piraparaná River, Colombia.
• Tsaloa - spoken on the Piraparaná River.
• Palänoa - spoken on the middle course of the Piraparaná River.

• Desána / Wína / Vina - spoken between the Tiquié River and Caiarí River, partly in Colombia and partly in Brazil.
• Chiránga / Siriána - spoken on the Paca-igarapé River, Colombia.

• Tucano / Tocano / Dace / Dagseje / Dajseá / Tocana - language of a large tribe that lived on the Vaupés and Tiquié River; state of Amazonas, Brazil.
• Uaíana - on the Caiary River, Colombia.
• Tuyuca / Doxcapura - spoken on the Tiquié River and Papury River, partly in Brazil, partly in Colombia.
• Arapaso / Koréa - extinct language once spoken on the Yapú River, Amazonas, Brazil. The last survivors now speak only Tucano.
• Waikína / Uiquina / Uaíkana / Pira-tapuya - spoken on the Papury River, Colombia.
• Uantya / Puçá-tapuya - once spoken on the Macú-igarapé River, Colombia.
• Bará / Pocanga - spoken at the sources of the Tiquié River, Colombia.
• Uasöna / Pisa-tapuya - spoken on the Caiary River, Colombia.
• Tsölá / Teiuana - spoken on the Tiquié River and Piraparaná River, Colombia.
• Urubú-tapuyo - extinct language once spoken at the sources of the Caiary River, Colombia.
• Pamöá / Tatú-tapuyo - spoken at the sources of the Papury River and on the Tuyigarapé, Colombia.
• Patsoca / Iuruty-tapuyo - once spoken on the Abio River and Apoporis River, Colombia.
• Möxdöá / Carapana-tapuya - spoken between the Papury River and Caiary River, Colombia.
• Uanána / Wanána / Kotédia - spoken on the Caiarí River near the Cachoeira dos Araras, Brazil.

  Vocabulary

Proto-language