Trenbolone


Trenbolone is an androgen and anabolic steroid of the nandrolone group which itself was never marketed. Trenbolone ester prodrugs, including trenbolone acetate and trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate, are or have been marketed for veterinary and clinical use. Trenbolone acetate is used in veterinary medicine in livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite, while trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate was formerly used clinically in humans but is now no longer marketed. In addition, although it is not approved for clinical or veterinary use, trenbolone enanthate is sometimes sold on the black market under the nickname Trenabol.
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Uses

Veterinary

Trenbolone, as trenbolone acetate, improves muscle mass, feed efficiency, and mineral absorption in cattle.

Side effects

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Trenbolone has both anabolic and androgenic effects. Once metabolized, trenbolone esters have the effect of increasing ammonium ion uptake by muscles, leading to an increase in the rate of protein synthesis. It may also have the secondary effects of stimulating appetite and decreasing the rate of catabolism, as all anabolic steroids are believed to; however, catabolism likely increases significantly once the steroid is no longer taken. At least one study in rats has shown trenbolone to cause gene expression of the androgen receptor at least as potent as dihydrotestosterone. This evidence tends to indicate trenbolone can cause an increase in male secondary sex characteristics without the need to convert to a more potent androgen in the body.
Studies on metabolism are mixed, with some studies showing that it is metabolized by aromatase or 5α-reductase into estrogenic compounds, or into 5α-reduced androgenic compounds, respectively.
Trenbolone has potency five times as high as that of testosterone. Trenbolone also binds with high affinity to the progesterone receptor, Trenbolone binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, as well.

Pharmacokinetics

To prolong its elimination half-life, trenbolone is administered as a prodrug as an ester conjugate such as trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate, or trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate. Plasma lipases then cleave the ester group in the bloodstream leaving free trenbolone.
Trenbolone and 17-epitrenbolone are both excreted in urine as conjugates that can be hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase. This implies that trenbolone leaves the body as beta-glucuronides or sulfates.

Chemistry

Trenbolone, also known as 19-nor-δ9,11-testosterone or as estra-4,9,11-trien-17β-ol-3-one, is a synthetic estrane steroid and a derivative of nandrolone. It is specifically nandrolone with two additional double bonds in the steroid nucleus. Trenbolone esters, which have an ester at the C17β position, include trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate, trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate, and trenbolone undecanoate.
Name:TrenboloneTrenbolone acetateTrenbolone enanthateTrenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate
Structural
FormulaC18H22O2C20H24O3C25H34O3C26H34O4
Crystal systemmonocrystalicmonocrystalicmonocrystalic
Elimination half life48-72 hoursshort
1-2 days; 3 days		long
11 days		8 days

History

Trenbolone was first synthesized in 1963.

Society and culture

Generic names

Trenbolone is the generic name of the drug and its and. It has also been referred to as trienolone or trienbolone.

Legal status

Some bodybuilders and athletes use trenbolone esters for their muscle-building and otherwise performance-enhancing effects. Such use is illegal in the United States and several European and Asian countries. The DEA classifies trenbolone and its esters as Schedule III controlled substances under the Controlled Substances Act. Trenbolone is classified as a Schedule 4 drug in Canada and a class C drug with no penalty for personal use or possession in the United Kingdom. Use or possession of steroids without a prescription is a crime in Australia.

Doping in sports

There are known cases of doping in sports with trenbolone esters by professional athletes.