The Transitional Justice Commission is an independent government agency of the Republic of China, established by the Act on Promoting Transitional Justice on 31 May 2018. The commission is responsible for the investigation of actions taken by the Kuomintang between 15 August 1945 and 6 November 1992. The commission's main aims include: making political archives more readily available, removing authoritarian symbols, redressing judicial injustice, and producing a report on the history of the period which delineates steps to further promote transitional justice.
History
The Act on Promoting Transitional Justice was passed by the Legislative Yuan on 5 December 2017. The act sought to rectify injustices committed by the authoritarian Kuomintang government of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and to this end established the Transitional Justice Commission to investigate actions taken from 15 August 1945, the date of the Jewel Voice Broadcast, to 6 November 1992, when president Lee Teng-hui lifted the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion for Fujian Province, Republic of China, ending the period of mobilization. This time period, in particular, includes the February 28 Incident as well as White Terror. The commission was established formally on May 31, 2018 for a period of two years. Huang Huang-hsiung was chosen to chair the committee and five other members were nominated by 31 March 2018: Chang Tien-chin, Hua Yih-fen, Hsu Hsueh-chi, Eleng Tjaljimaraw, and Greg Yo. Peng Jen-yu, Yang Tsui, and Yeh Hung-ling were selected on 7 April. All nine candidates were confirmed on May 2018, though both the Kuomintang and People First Party legislative caucuses abstained from voting. The committee began operations on 31 May 2018. Following a scandal, vice chairman Chang Tien-chin resigned from the commission on 12 September 2018, Huang Huang-hsiung resigned the chairmanship on 6 October 2018, and was subsequently appointed acting chairperson. In April 2020, the Legislative Yuan extended the committee's tenure by one year, and the committee members were formally reappointed on May 26, 2020, although the Pan-Blue Coalition again boycotted the vote. Yang Tsui was formally re-elected chair, serving alongside committee members Awi Mona, Chen Yu-fan, Hsu Wei-chun, Lin Chia-fan, Peng Jen-yu, Frank Wang, and Yeh Hung-lin.
Interaction with other transitional justice organizations
As a result of the commission's recommendations, a total of 5,837 people convicted of political crimes during White Terror have been exonerated due to recommendations made by the commission. The first recommendation, also the first in Taiwanese history, came on 5 October 2018, when 1,270 people were exonerated, including writer Yang Kui and 27 Taiwanese aborigines. On 27 February 1,056 people were exonerated. On 30 May 2019, 3,062 people were exonerated, including former vice president Annette Lu, former mayor of KaohsiungChen Chu and Shih Ming-teh.
Removing symbols of authoritarianism
On 17 December 2018, the commission recommended that the honor guard at Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall be discontinued, as it is a symbol of the authoritarian era. The commission also recommended that the hall display permanent exhibits dedicated to human rights and democracy. On 30 March 2019, the commission announced its intention to survey roads in Taiwan named after Chiang Kai-shek for potential renaming, as well as a survey on statues of Chiang in parks across the country for potential removal. A report was released on July 10, 2020 which listed a total of 1,814 sites named after Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo, as well as 1,235 monuments to them, and 848 statues of Chiang Kai-shek remaining.
Declassifying documents from the martial law period
On 4 July 2019, the Legislative Yuan passed a bill declassifying all government documents relating to the February 28 Incident, White Terror and period of mobilization. When the act was passed, the National Security Bureau held files concerning the deaths of Chen Wen-chen and the Lin family massacre which were still classified. On 7 December 2019, the commission announced that government intelligence reports regarding the Kaohsiung Incident had been declassified. The reports were said to show that the government had an informer inside staff of Formosa Magazine, which organized the protests. The commission did not say when the reports would be released to the public. On 17 February 2020, the commission released a report that found that intelligence agencies were most likely involved in the killing of Lin family massacre during martial law. The report found that Lin had been under surveillance for the year leading up to the murders, and that the National Security Bureau had destroyed evidence related to the murders. On 28 February 2020, President Tsai Ing-wen ordered the National Security Bureau to declassify political documents requested by the commission within one month. On March 28, the National Security Bureau transferred the files to the National Archives Administration, including files related to the Lin family murders and the death of Chen Wen-chen. On 4 May 2020, a report on the death of Chen Wen-chen was released. It concluded that Chen was most likely killed by state security, in contradiction with the official ruling of suicide at the time. On February 26, 2020, the commission publicly released a database consisting of government documents concerning military trials during martial law, covering 3,195 court cases. The database does not contain information on those who were executed without trial. On 8 March 2020, a report totalling over 1,200 pages titled The Draft Report on the Truth of the 228 Incident and Transitional Justice was published by the commission. Some of the declassified files have shown a close relationship between the Kuomintang and members of the Bamboo Union gang during martial law.
Other
In May 2020, the commission announced that the concept of transitional justice would be included as a part of the civics and social sciences curriculum in public schools, in addition to the current topics of human rights and state-perpetrated violence.
During an internal meeting on 24 August 2018, vice chairperson Chang Tien-chin named Hou You-yi, who was then running for mayor of New Taipei City as a member of the opposition Kuomintang party, as a potential subject of investigation to benefit his party, the ruling Democratic Progressive Party, in the 2018 Taiwanese municipal elections. During the conversation, researcher Hsiao Jinan compared the committee to the Eastern Depot from the Ming Dynasty. Associate researcher Wu Pei-rong recorded the conversation and leaked it to the media. It was published on 11 September 2018 and resulted in Chang's resignation the next day, followed by Wu and Hsiao shortly thereafter. Commission chair Huang aso resigned a month later. Chang was later impeached by the Control Yuan on October 1, 2019.
