Toronto Police Service
The Toronto Police Service is a municipal police force in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the primary agency responsible for providing law enforcement and policing services in Toronto. Established in 1834, it was the first local police service created in North America and is one of the oldest police services in the English-speaking world.
It is the largest municipal police service in Canada, and third largest police force in Canada after the Ontario Provincial Police and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. With a 2020 budget of $1.076 billion, the Toronto Police Service ranks as the second largest expense – after the Toronto Transit Commission – of the City of Toronto's annual operating budget.
History
19th century
1834 to 1859 reforms
The Toronto Police Service was founded in 1834, when the city of Toronto was first created from the town of York. Prior to that, local able-bodied male citizens were required to report for night duty as special constables for a fixed number of nights per year on pain of fine or imprisonment, in a system known as "watch and ward".The Toronto Police is one of the English-speaking world's oldest modern municipal police departments; it is older than, for example, the New York City Police Department, which was formed in 1845, or the Boston Police Department, which was established in 1839. The London Metropolitan Police of 1829 is generally recognized as the first modern municipal police department. In 1835, Toronto retained five full-time constables—a ratio of about one officer for every 1,850 citizens. Their daily pay was set at 5 shillings for day duty and 7 shillings, 6 pence, for night duty. In 1837, the constables’ annual pay was fixed at £75 per annum, a lucrative city position when compared to the mayor's annual pay of £250 at the time.
From 1834 to 1859, the Toronto Police was a corrupt and notoriously political force, with its constables loyal to the local aldermen who personally appointed police officers in their own wards for the duration of their incumbency. Toronto constables on numerous occasions suppressed opposition candidate meetings and took sides during bitter sectarian violence between Orange Order and Irish Catholic radical factions in the city. A provincial government report in 1841 described the Toronto Police as "formidable engines of oppression". Although constables were issued uniforms in 1837, one contemporary recalled that the Toronto Police was "without uniformity, except in one respect—they were uniformly slovenly." After an excessive outbreak of street violence involving Toronto Police misconduct, including an episode where constables brawled with Toronto's firemen in one incident, and stood by doing nothing in another incident while enraged firemen burned down a visiting circus when its clowns jumped a lineup at a local brothel, the entire Toronto Police force, along with its chief, were fired in 1859.
1859 to 1900
The new force was removed from Toronto city council jurisdiction and placed under the control of a provincially mandated board of police commissioners. Under its new chief, former infantry captain William Stratton Prince, standardized training, hiring practices and new strict rules of discipline and professional conduct were introduced. Today's Toronto Police Service directly traces its ethos, constitutional lineage and Police Commission regulatory structure to the 1859 reforms.In the 19th century, the Toronto Police mostly focused on the suppression of rebellion in the city—particularly during the Fenian threats of 1860 to 1870. The Toronto Police were probably Canada's first security intelligence agency when they established a network of spies and informants throughout Canada West in 1864 to combat US Army recruiting agents attempting to induce British Army soldiers stationed in Canada to desert to serve in the Union Army in the Civil War. The Toronto Police operatives later turned to spying on the activities of the Fenians and filed reports to the Chief Constable from as far as Buffalo, Detroit, Chicago and New York City. When in December 1864, the Canada West secret frontier police was established under Stipendiary Magistrate Gilbert McMicken, some of the Toronto Police agents were reassigned to this new agency.
In 1863, Toronto police officers were also used as "Indian fighters" during the Manitoulin Island Incident, when some fifty natives armed with knives forced the fishery inspector William Gibbard and a fishery operation to withdraw from unceded tribal lands on Lake Huron. Thirteen armed Toronto police officers, along with constables from Barrie, were dispatched to Manitoulin Island to assist the government in retaking the fishery operation, but were forced back when the natives advanced now armed with rifles. The police withdrew but were later reinforced and eventually arrested the entire band, but not before William Gibbard was killed by unknown parties.
In the 1870s, as the Fenian threat began to gradually wane and the Victorian moral reform movement gained momentum, Toronto police primarily functioned in the role of "urban missionaries" whose function it was to regulate unruly and immoral behaviour among the "lower classes". They were almost entirely focused on arresting drunks, prostitutes, disorderlies, and violators of Toronto's ultra-strict Sunday "blue law"
In the days before public social services, the force functioned as a social services mega-agency. Prior the creation of the Toronto Humane Society in 1887 and the Children's Aid Society in 1891, the police oversaw animal and child welfare, including the enforcement of child support payments. They operated the city's ambulance service and acted as the board of health. Police stations at the time were designed with space for the housing of homeless, as no other public agency in Toronto dealt with this problem. Shortly before the Great Depression, in 1925, the Toronto Police housed 16,500 homeless people.
The Toronto Police regulated street-level business: cab drivers, street vendors, corner grocers, tradesmen, rag men, junk dealers, and laundry operators. Under public order provisions, the Toronto Police was responsible for the licensing and regulation of dance halls, pool halls, theatres, and later movie houses. It was responsible for censoring the content of not only theatrical performances and movies, but of all literature in the city ranging from books and magazines to posters and advertising.
The Toronto Police also suppressed labour movements which were perceived as anarchist threats. The establishment of the mounted unit is directly related to the four-month Toronto streetcar strike of 1886, when authorities called on the Governor General's Horse Guard Regiment to assist in suppressing the strike.
20th century
As for serious criminal investigations, the Toronto Police frequently contracted with private investigators from the Pinkerton's Detective Agency until the 20th century, when it developed its own internal investigation and intelligence capacity.During the 1930s and 1940s, the Toronto Police under Chief Constable Dennis "Deny" Draper, a retired brigadier general and former Conservative candidate, returned to its function as an agency to suppress political dissent. Its notorious "Red Squad" brutally dispersed demonstrations by labour unions and by unemployed and homeless people during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Suspicious of "foreigners", the police lobbied the city of Toronto to pass legislation banning public speeches in languages other than English, curtailing union organization among Toronto's vast immigrant populations working in sweat shops.
After several scandals, including a call by Chief Draper to have reporters "shot" and his being arrested driving drunk, the city appointed in 1948 a new police chief from its own ranks for the first time in the department's history: John Chisholm, a very able senior police inspector. In 1955, the Metropolitan Toronto Board of Police Commissioners was formed in preparation for the amalgamation of the 13 police forces in the municipality, Metropolitan Toronto, into a unified police force with Chisholm as chief of the unified force. Unfortunately, Chisholm was not up to the politics of the Chief's office, especially in facing off with Fred "Big Daddy" Gardiner, who engineered almost single-handedly the formation of Metropolitan Toronto in the 1950s.
On January 1, 1957, the Toronto Police merged with the other municipal forces in the metropolitan area to form the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force:
Former police force | Current community | Field | Divisions |
Scarborough Police Department | Scarborough | Area | 41, 42, 43 |
Etobicoke Police Department | Etobicoke | Area | 22, 23 |
North York Police Department | North York | Area; parts of Central | 31, 32, 33; parts of 12, 13, 53 |
East York Police Department | East York | Central | 54 |
Mimico Police Department | Etobicoke | Area | 22 |
Weston Police Department | York | Area and Central | 12, 31 |
Forest Hill Police Department | Toronto | Central | 53 |
Town of Leaside Police Department | East York | Central | 53, 54 |
York Township Police Department | York | Central | 13 |
New Toronto Police Department | Etobicoke | Area | 22 |
Swansea Police Department | Toronto | Central | 11 |
Long Branch Police Department | Etobicoke | Area | 22 |
With amalgamation, the force grew in size and complexity, and Chisholm found himself unable to manage the huge agency and its Byzantine politics. In 1958, after a number of conflicts with Gardiner and members of the newly expanded Metropolitan Toronto Board of Police Commissioners, Chief Chisholm drove to High Park on the city's west end, parked his car and committed suicide with his service revolver. Former staff superintendent Jack Webster, one of the officers who arrived at the scene of the chief's death and who would, upon his retirement in the 1990s, become the force historian at the Toronto Police Museum, would later write, "Suicide is a constant partner in every police car."
In 1960, Lawrence "Larry" McLarty became the force's first black officer and paved the way regarding the hiring of minorities into the policing.
In 1990, the Board of Police Commissioners was renamed as the "Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto Police Services Board", and, upon the creation of the amalgamated City of Toronto in 1998, it became the Toronto Police Services Board, administering the Toronto Police Service.
21st century
Today, the Toronto Police Service is responsible for overall local police service in Toronto and works with the other emergency services and other police forces in the Greater Toronto Area including:- York Regional Police
- Peel Regional Police
- Halton Regional Police
- Durham Regional Police Service
- Ontario Provincial Police
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Controversies and allegations of misconduct
In 1988, Toronto Police were under scrutiny for the fatal shooting of schizophrenic Lester Donaldson. The shooting was the first of eight over the next four years, and the latest in series of shootings since the late 1970s, in which mostly unarmed black Canadians were victims. Three days after his death, the Black Action Defence Committee, a group of local activists, was formed. The group made headlines when they introduced the issue of race in the coroner's inquest into Donaldson's killing. In 1990, Toronto police officer David Deviney was charged with manslaughter in connection with the killing and was later acquitted.On May 4, 1992, tension between Toronto Police and the city's black community reached its peak. After the fourth police killing of a young black man in as many years, a peaceful protest on Yonge Street later turned into a riot. Thirty people were arrested and 37 police officers were injured in the riot.
A mandatory coroner's inquest took place into the police killing of 17-year-old Jeffrey Reodica. Although accounts differ, it is generally accepted that Reodica was part of a group of Filipino teenagers pursuing a group of white teenagers on May 21, 2004, in Scarborough, following altercations between the two groups. Plainclothes Toronto police officer Det.-Const. Dan Belanger and his partner Det. Allen Love were in the process of arresting Reodica when he was shot three times by the officers. The teen died in hospital three days later. Belanger and Love, were eventually cleared by the Special Investigations Unit who after investigating the matter found that there were no reasonable grounds to lay a charge. According to the SIU, Reodica brandished a knife at officers. A knife was reportedly recovered at the scene.
In response to the recommendations of the coroner's inquest jury, former chief Bill Blair recommended that all plainclothes police officers be issued arm bands and raid jackets bearing the word police in an effort to increase their visibility in critical situations. Unmarked cars, which were already equipped with a plug-in police light, were to be supplied with additional emergency equipment, including a siren package. The proposals were phased in over three years beginning in 2008. Undercover officers also must wear, carry or have access to standard police use-of-force options such as pepper spray and batons.
In 2004, eight people were shot by Toronto Police, six of them fatally. SIU investigations deemed all case actions justified.
In 2005, the police force was faced with a spike in shootings across Toronto and increased concern among residents. Police Chief William Blair and Mayor David Miller asked for additional resources and asked for diligence from residents to contend with this issue. Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty promised to work with Toronto to fight crime.
In July 2007, Toronto Police were involved in an international incident in which their members pepper-sprayed, tasered, and handcuffed members of the Chilean national soccer team in an attempt to keep control of crowds after their semi-final match in the 2007 FIFA Under-20 World Cup. A police spokesman explained on CBC Radio on the programme Here and Now that police took action against individual members of the Chilean team when they "displayed aggressive behaviour" by vandalizing a bus and arguing with fans. The actions of the police were criticized by the TV and print media in Chile, and initially also in Canada. FIFA president Sepp Blatter later apologized to the Toronto mayor for the incident, and instigated disciplinary action against the officials and players of the Chilean team.
On July 27, 2013, 18-year-old Sammy Yatim was shot and killed by Constable James Forcillo on the 505 Dundas streetcar after threatening other passengers and the police with a knife. On August 19, 2013, Forcillo was charged with second-degree murder. In January 2016, Forcillo was convicted of attempted murder.
In January 2016, four Toronto Police officers were arrested and charged with nine counts of obstructing justice and eight counts of perjury.
Constable Peter Roberts was arrested on March 13, 2020 and charged with obtaining sexual services for consideration from persons under 18 years of age.
Governance
Chiefs of police
The chief of police is the highest-ranking officer of the Toronto Police Service. The position was known as "high constable" until 1859 and then as "chief constable" until 1957, when the Toronto Police Department was amalgamated with 12 other Toronto-area forces to form the Metropolitan Toronto Police. Most chiefs have been chosen amongst the ranks of the Toronto force and promoted or appointed from the ranks of deputy chiefs; Fantino was hired from the York Regional Police, but he had been a career officer with Toronto Police prior, leaving as acting staff superintendent.Toronto Police Department :
High constables
- William Higgins 1834
- George Kingsmill 1835
- James Stitt 1836
- George Kingsmill 1837–1846
- George Allen 1847–1852
- Samuel Sherwood 1852–1859
- William Stratton Prince 1859–1873
- Frank C. Draper 1874–1886
- H. J. Grasett 1886–1920
- Samuel J. Dickson 1920–1928
- Dennis Draper 1928–1946
- John Chisholm 1946–1956
Chiefs of police:
- John Chisholm 1957–1958
- James Page Mackey 1958–1970
- Harold Adamson 1970–1980
- Jack W. Ackroyd 1980–1984
- Jack Marks 1984–1989
- William J. McCormack 1989–1995
- David Boothby 1995–2000
- Julian Fantino 2000–2005
- Mike Boyd 2005
- Bill Blair 2005–2015
- Mark Saunders 2015–2020
- James Ramer 2020-present
Funding
As of 2011, a tentative agreement made Toronto Police the country's highest-paid officers by increasing wages over 11 per cent over four years.
Special Investigations Unit
The actions of the Toronto Police are examined by the Special Investigations Unit, a civilian agency responsible for investigating circumstances involving police and civilians that have resulted in a death, serious injury, or allegations of sexual assault. The SIU is dedicated to maintaining one law, ensuring equal justice before the law among both the police and the public. They assure that the criminal law is applied appropriately to police conduct, as determined through independent investigations, increasing public confidence in the police services. Complaints involving police conduct that do not result in a serious injury or death must be referred to the appropriate police service or to another oversight agency, such as the Ontario Civilian Commission.Operations
is located at 40 College Street, near Bay Street in the downtown area. The former headquarters at Jarvis Street was turned into a museum. The present site was once home to the Toronto YMCA. The sign over the main entrance still reads "Metropolitan Toronto Police Headquarters" and displays the emblem of Metropolitan Toronto. Since 2007, the sign also displays the current emblem of the Toronto Police Service.The Toronto Police Service has approximately 5,400 uniformed officers/under cover officers and 2,500 civilian employees. Its officers are among the best paid in Canada. In October 2008, the Toronto Police Service was named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc., which was announced by the Toronto Star newspaper.
The Toronto Police Service is divided into two field areas and 17 divisions :
Organizational structure
- Chief of police
- Deputy chief of police
- Staff superintendent
- Superintendent
- Inspector
- Staff sergeant
- Sergeant
- Constable
Central Field Command
- 11 Division, 2054 Davenport Rd.
- 12 Division, 200 Trethewey Dr.
- 13 Division, 1435 Eglinton Ave. W
- 14 Division, 350 Dovercourt Rd.
- 51 Division, 51 Parliament St.
- 52 Division, 255 Dundas St. W.
- 53 Division, 75 Eglinton Ave. W.
- 54 Division, 41 Cranfield Rd.
- 55 Division, 101 Coxwell Ave.
Area Field Command
- 22 Division, 3699 Bloor St. W
- 23 Division, 5230 Finch Ave. West
- 31 Division, 40 Norfinch Dr.
- 32 Division, 30 Ellerslie Ave.
- 33 Division, 50 Upjohn Rd.
- 41 Division, 2222 Eglinton Ave. E.
- 42 Division, 242 Milner Ave. E.
- 43 Division 4331 Lawrence Ave. E
Specialized Operations Command
- Forensic identification services, 2050 Jane St.
- Homicide squad, 40 College St.
- Provincial Repeat Offender Parole Enforcement Squad, 40 College St.
- Drug squad, 40 College St. replaced Toronto Police Service's Central Field Command Drug Squad from the 1990s
- Organized crime enforcement, 40 College St.
- Financial crimes unit, 40 College St.
- Hold-up squad, 40 College St.
- Intelligence services, 40 College St.
- Sex crimes unit, 40 College St.
- Integrated gun and gang task force, 40 College St.
- Toronto Anti-Violence Initiative Strategy, 5230 Finch Ave. West
Operational services
- Communications
- 911 Operations Centre
- Court services, 40 College St.
- Prisoner transportation unit, 9 Hanna Ave.
- Emergency task force, 300 Lesmill Rd.
- Marine, 259 Queen's Quay W.
- Mounted and police dog services, 44 Beechwood Drive — mounted drill unit
- 25 horses with 45 officers
- 21 officers with 17 general dogs, 4 drug dogs and 1 explosives detector dog
- Parking enforcement east, 330 Progress Ave.
- Parking enforcement west, 970 Lawrence Ave. West
- Public safety and emergency management, 4610 Finch Ave. East
- Traffic services, 9 Hanna Ave.
Emergency task force
Part of its role is now undertaken by the emergency task force, public safety and emergency management and the mounted unit.
Marine unit
The Toronto Police Service is one of several police forces along Lake Ontario with a marine unit. Prior to the 1980s, the port area had their own police force, Toronto Harbour Police/Port of Toronto Police which merged into the Metropolitan Police Force's marine unit. The unit's has the largest jurisdictional area of any unit in the Toronto Police Service, policing over of open water, from the Etobicoke Creek to the Rouge River.The Toronto Police Service has a fleet of 24 boats based either at the main station of the unit, at 259 Queens Quay West in Harbourfront; or at one of its three substations, at Humber Bay, the Scarborough Bluffs, and the Toronto Islands.
The Toronto Police Service Marine Unit works in conjunction with other municipal and regional police units that operate marine units in Lake Ontario, including the Durham Regional Police, Halton Regional Police, Hamilton Police Service, Niagara Regional Police Service, and the Peel Regional Police. The Marine Unit also works in conjunction with the neighbouring York Regional Police, although their marine unit is based in Lake Simcoe. In addition to municipal/regional police services, the Toronto Police Service Marine Unit also works in conjunction with the Canadian Forces Search and Rescue Unit based in CFB Trenton, and the Toronto Search and Rescue volunteer service.
Mounted unit
The horse unit was formed in 1886 to provide crowd control and is now stationed at the Horse Palace at the Canadian National Exhibition. The unit has been based at Casa Loma, Toronto Zoo, Sunnybrook Stables and at various division in Scarborough and North York. The unit has a strength of 27 horses and 40 officers.Police horses Honest Ed and Spencer were invited to the inauguration of US President Barack Obama by Michigan's Multi-Jurisdictional Mounted Police Drill Team and Color Guard.
Three horses have been killed while on duty. They include Lancer, following a motor vehicle collision in 2002; Brigadier after an intentional motor vehicle collision in 2006; and Royal Sun, following a torn leg ligament in 2012.
Horses
Parking enforcement
Parking enforcement on all roads and public property are the responsibility of the Toronto Police and work with Toronto Parking Authority. Parking enforcement officers are provincial offences officers able to issue parking tickets under part II of the Ontario Provincial Offences Act. They do not carry any use of force items and are unarmed, but are issued Kevlar vests for safety. They are peace officers pursuant to section 15 of the Police Services Act of Ontario for the purpose of enforcing municipal by-laws.Their uniform consists of a blue shirt, black cargo pants with blue stripe, a black vest and a cap with blue stripe. Boots are similar to front line police officers. In winter months, parking enforcement officers have a blue jacket with reflective trim. Patches on the jackets and shirts are similar to those of the Toronto Police Service, but with a white back ground the blue wording "parking enforcement".
Their vehicles have the same paint scheme as the older Toronto Police Service squad cars, but they are labelled with '"parking enforcement" and fleet numbers "PKE" or "PKW".
Police dog services
The Toronto Police Service police dog unit was created in 1989 and is deployed to search for suspects, missing persons and other duties. The service has 17 general purpose dogs. There are four drug enforcement dogs and one explosives detector dog. The 21 officers and dogs are assigned to this unit and based at 44 Beechwood Drive in Toronto East YorkToronto Police dogs that have died during their service, including Keno, a firearms detector, and Luke, a general service dog; both in 2011.
Community Mobilization Unit
- Auxiliary, volunteer and rover program
- Youth programs
- Empowered student partnership
- Toronto Recreational Outreach Program
- Public Education and Crime Eradication Project
Traffic services
Toronto Police Traffic Services is responsible for patrolling on local roads and municipal expressways ; traffic services has a "60" or "66 Division" designation on their cars.
Other departments
Toronto Police Lifeguard Service
Toronto Police previously employed lifeguards, responsible for patrolling 11 beaches and 44 kilometres of shoreline during the summer months, who were are assisted by the Toronto Police Service, Toronto Paramedic Services and Toronto Fire Services.In 2017 as part of a modernization initiative, the Toronto Police Lifeguard Service was transferred to the Toronto Parks, Forestry & Recreation Division.
Morality department
The morality department was formed in 1886, when then Mayor William Holmes Howland appointed ex-Royal Irish Constabulary officer David Archibald to head this special unit of the Toronto Police Service to deal specifically with "vice, sin, and crimes which heavily impacted women and children". Howland had just won Toronto's mayoral race that year by promising to make Toronto a beacon of morality for the world, even going so far as to give Toronto the moniker, "Toronto the Good". The department ran through the 1930s, and was seen as a forerunner to many social assistance programs, such as the Children's Aid Society. It was set up under a social purist pretext of policing people's everyday behaviours so that Toronto might live up to Howland's moniker. Among the offences, though not necessarily crimes, that morality officers policed were gambling, "blue laws" or "Sabbath laws", being an absentee father, drug dealing, interracial relationships, homosexuality, bootlegging and alcoholism, vagrancy, family abuse and prostitution. The people in power who wrote these laws, such as Howland, and created the morality department said that they were there to protect moral and good people from the evils of the city. However, when examining the direct implementation/enforcement of these laws, and the effects they had on civilian life, the larger purpose of the morality department was to prevent working-class people from socializing or coming together, and thereby to keep them in a generally less powerful position.Context
The roots of this social purity doctrine can be traced back to the belief in the good of British colonialism, ideas still holding strong in the late 19th century in Canada, as Canada's national identity was still strongly linked to British ideals. The assumption is that bad people behave objectively badly, and that these people need to made good by a sovereign government. This government does so by limiting the civilian population's freedoms and regulating their social interactions to ensure that people remain "moral and good", and thereby can make a new generation of "moral and good" people. Of course everyone would fall under these practices who was not seen to be morally, or socially, good, but women and people of colour were seen by the government as inherently lesser or more susceptible to temptation or sin, and so they were policed far more heavily than their white or male counterparts. The resulting system of social governing, was easily abused to keep a divide between classes wide, through methods like disproportionately enforcing the laws when the accused were of lower classes, making special exemptions for people who lived or served those who lived in the higher classes. And, once again, since women and people of colour were seen as inherently more susceptible to temptation, they were automatically made targets of the system's efforts to socially reform people.Methods and effectiveness
The officers' methods often, called for them to threaten fines or jail time rather than arrest all offenders, which made them popular among people as a social service. People knew that they probably would not be arrested or get the unwanted publicity that goes along with being arrested and going through the public courts. In this way, these officers became regulators of the community. Ordinary people interacted with them, and thereby came to trust them. As a result, these officers had many people willing to give them information on who might be a suspected drug dealer, prostitute, gambler or absentee father.Prostitution
The primary focus of the anti-prostitution laws was to make prostitution unprofitable so that women would instead pursue legitimate ways to make money. In essence, the people who put these laws in place were attempting to save women from a life of prostitution. The legitimate forms of employment were few and far between; maid, secretary and factory worker were the only plentiful options, and each of those put women in a position where they were constantly subordinate to another. Prostitution had a much wider definition to the social purists of the time than it does now. For example, if a man bought a woman dinner and the woman then went home with him, that was considered prostitution. Thus, any women, and especially working-class women without social standing, who sought out men were persecuted, though not prosecuted. Seemingly innocuous behaviours, such as walking alone at night, might also get a woman arrested for prostitution.Sabbath laws
The Sabbath laws were a series of laws designed to prevent people from working on the Sabbath, commonly known as Sunday, to respect the Abrahamic God's day of rest. They, like most laws enforced by the morality department, disproportionately affected working-class people and favoured the upper class. One of the best examples of this was the fact that taxis used by the public to get around were not allowed to work on Sunday, but private chauffeurs of the wealthy were. Beyond preventing many forms of work, they also prevented people from doing certain leisure activities that could be interpreted as work. Similar to the taxi driver–chauffeur contradiction, ball games for children in public on Sundays but still allowing for games of golf at private clubs. Such contradictions led people to believe that these laws were put in place to prevent working-class people from consorting with each other, to keep them separate and easy to manage.Absentee fathers
For most of their operating time, the majority of their work was finding absentee fathers from Canada, the U.S. and Great Britain, and then coercing them into paying maintenance payments. These maintenance payments would go towards supporting their wives and children. This re-enforced a family structure where the father was a provider and the mother was unable to support herself or her family. As attitudes towards policing among the upper ranks moved away from social management and into crime and punishment in the 1920s, it came to be that the police and social activist groups alike agreed that this work was no longer a job for the police. In 1929, the newly established family court system took over the management of these payments.First women on the force
Morality officer was one of the first roles within the police force, not including secretary, that women were allowed to fulfill. In the early 1910s, they were brought in under the idea that they would be better suited to deal with young women who had been acting immorally, and that they would themselves be a moralizing influence in the police service. Also, the existence of policewomen was an encouragement for women to come forward with assault charges against their abusive husbands. Women would trust that if they went to a police officer who was also female, then something would be more likely to get done. Yet, the majority of their duties included arresting and searching female suspects, and interviewing female suspects and victims. As well, rather than being on the beat in dangerous parts of town, they would be searching for people, though mostly women, acting immorally, particularly in places where men and women came together. They were never tasked the same duties as their male counterparts, and so were seen more as social workers within the police force than actual members of the force. Through the 1920s, feminists argued that these policewomen were taken on by police for show more than to be actual policewomen, and interest from the upper ranks in policewomen faded along with their interest in social management, since the upper ranks saw the two as being deeply connected. Few more women were taken on until after World War II, and those that were there gained little ground for women in the police force.School crossing guards
Adult crossing guards at various intersections and crosswalks were employed and paid by the Toronto Police Service, however, as part of a modernization initiative, the crossing guard program was transferred to the City of Toronto in 2017.Ranks
The rank insignia of the Toronto Police Service is similar to that used by police services elsewhere in Canada and in the United Kingdom, except that the usual "pips" are replaced by maple leaves. The St. Edward's Crown is found on insignia of staff sergeant, all superintendent ranks and all commanding officer ranks.Commanding officers
Besides the chief of police, the other command officers are the deputy chiefs. They head the command units.- Human Resources Command: Barbara McLean
- Specialized Operations Command: James Ramer
- Communities & Neighbourhoods Command: Peter Yuen
- Priority Response Command: Shawna Coxon
Police senior officers
The day-to-day and regional operations are commanded by senior officers:- Staff superintendent
- Superintendent
- Inspector
Investigative non-commissioned officers
- Detective sergeant
- Detective
- Detective constable
Police officers
- Staff sergeant
- Sergeant
- Constable—first class, second class, third class, fourth class
Cadet in training
- Cadet
Sworn members
- Special constable — court officers, prisoner transportation officers, document servers, custodial officers
- Locational administrator
- Shift supervisor
- Supervisor
- Officer
Unsworn members
- Cadet in training
- Toronto Police Service 22 Division rover crew
- Parking enforcement officers
- Station duty officers
- Communication operators
Training
Uniform
Front line officers wear dark navy blue shirts, cargo pants and boots. Winter jackets are either dark navy blue jacket design–Eisenhower style, single-breasted front closing, two patch type breast pockets, shoulder straps, gold buttons—or yellow windbreaker style with the word POLICE in reflective silver and black at the back. All ranks shall wear dark navy blue clip on ties when wearing long-sleeve uniforms.Hats can be styled after baseball caps, combination caps, or fur trim Yukon hats for winter. Motorcycle units have white helmets. Black or reflective yellow gloves are also provided to officers with Traffic Services. Front line officers usually wear combination caps since that is the location of their badge. Prior to the 1990s, female officers wore bowler caps instead of combination caps. Auxiliary officers wear combination caps with a checkered red and black band. The Mounted Unit wear black Canadian military fur wedge cap during the winter months and custodian helmet for ceremonial use.
As is the case with all Ontario law enforcement officers, uniformed officers wear name tags. They are in the style of "A. Example" where the first letter of the first name is written and the last name next to it, with a Canadian flag to the left of the name. Name tags are usually stitched on with white stitching on a black background, but they also have pin-styled with black lettering on a gold plate.
Senior officers wear white shirts and a black Eisenhower style jacket. Auxiliary officers wear light blue shirts, with the badging of auxiliary on the bottom of the crest. Originally front line officer also wore light blue shirts but changed to the current navy blue shirts in the Fall of 2000.
Logo
The Toronto Police Service logo is very similar to the old Metropolitan Toronto Police logo, and it includes the following components:- winged wheels of industry on the top part of the shield, representing transportation
- a crown commemorating the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953
- two books representing education or knowledge
- a caduceus, which is associated with Mercury, the protector of commerce
- a chevron for housing
- on either side of the shield, a sheaf with a York Rose, representing York County, Ontario, which Toronto served as county seat from 1834 to 1953
- a circular ribbon with the words "Toronto Police"
- a beaver representing industry and/or Canada, from the old and new coat of arms of Toronto
Fleet
Police cars, also known as police cruisers, are the standard equipment used by Toronto Police officers for transportation. The vehicles are equipped with a combination of a rotator and LED lightbar. The vehicles are numbered according to their division and car number. For example, 3322 represents that the vehicle is from 33 Division, and the following 22 is the vehicle designation number.The current design since August 2017 is partly dark grey, with white doors with black text that says "TORONTO POLICE". Briefly, in, the design was entirely dark grey, with white lettering. The cars were redesigned following public controversy over its low visibility and "militaristic styling". An earlier design sometimes still seen is a white base with red and blue markings, and stealth vehicles are grey with reflective markings. The photos in this section, which have not been updated since 2017, show this former colour scheme.
Previous scheme was yellow base with blue lettering.
Other fleet numbering patterns include:
- All Terrain Vehicle — ##ATVXX
- Area Field Command Unit — AFCXX
- Bail Compliance Unit — BCUXX
- Bike Patrol Unit — ##BXX
- Central Field Command — CFCXX
- Chief of Police — CHIEF
- Command Vehicles — COMDXX
- Court Services — CRTXX
- Courier — RMSXX
- Duty Officer - DUTYXX
- Emergency Task Force — ETFXX
- Forensic Identification Services — FISXX
- Information Technology Services — ITSXX
- Marine Unit — MUXX
- Mounted Unit Services — MTDXX
- Parking Enforcement — PKEXX / PKWXX
- Police Dog Services — PDSXX
- Primary Response Group — 87XX
- Public Safety Response Team — PSRTXX
- Public Safety Unit — PSUXX
- School Resource Officer — SROXX
- Service Vehicle — SRVX
- Spare Vehicles — 7XX
- Supervisor Vehicles — ##SX
- Toronto Police Tow Trucks — 8XX
- Traffic Services — 6XXX / 80XX
- Video Services Unit — VSUXX
Motor vehicles
Make/model | Type | Origin |
Ford Crown Victoria | General police vehicle, Traffic Services, Community Sweeper Unit | |
Ford Police Interceptor Sedan Police Interceptor | General police vehicle, Traffic Services, Community Sweeper Unit | |
Ford Interceptor Utility | Supervisor Truck, Traffic Services, Special Operations | |
Volkswagen New Beetle | Safety Bug car | |
Honda Civic/Civic Hybrid | Parking Enforcement car | / |
Chevrolet Malibu | Community Sweeper Unit car | |
Chevrolet Malibu | Parking Enforcement Unit | |
Smart fortwo | Parking Enforcement car | |
Ford Focus | Parking Enforcement car | |
Harley-Davidson FLHTP | motorcycle |
Watercraft
Support vehicles
Bicycles
Make/model | Type | Origin |
Norco Bicycles Cross Country | mountain bike | |
Aquila Scandium | mountain bike—Community Action Policing |
Aircraft
An unmarked Cessna 206 H was registered with the Toronto Police Service and been used for undisclosed surveillance work. The plane has been alleged to have been used during the Rob Ford substance abuse scandal. C-FZRR was sold in 2015 to Sky Photo Techniques. Air support is provided by York Regional Police through a mutual support agreement.Sidearms and weapons
- Glock 22: Large frame.40 S&W with 180 gr jacketed hollow point bullets—Regular uniformed officers
- Glock 27: Subcompact frame.40 S&W—Detectives
- Glock 17: Large frame 9×19mm—Emergency Task Force
- Glock 19: Compact frame 9×19mm—Emergency Task Force
- Pepper spray : Regular uniformed officers
Weapons used by the Emergency Task Force include:
- MP5A3 9 mm submachine gun
- Remington 700 bolt-action sniper rifle
- Remington 870 shotgun
- Mossberg M500 shotgun
- Diemaco C8 carbine
- Taser International M18 taser
- Taser International X26 taser
- Pepper spray
- Tear gas
- Rubber bullets or bean bag rounds using ARWEN 37
- ARWEN 37 37 mm riot gun
- Less lethal shotguns : fires sock-type bean bag rounds and identified by the bright orange butt and sliding forearm handle sections
- Long Range Acoustic Device: Three