The Singing Voice of Japan
The singing voice of Japan is the name of a social and political movement that emerged after World War II in Japan and based on musical and choral activities of the working class of the entire nation. On the ideological position of communism or democratic socialism, activists of the movement organize choral circles in factories, in schools and in their residential areas. The movement reached its peak in the years 1950–60. Japanese singer Akiko Seki is generally regarded as the founder of the Singing Voice of Japan.
History
- May 1, 1946: In the occasion of the first May Day post-war in Tokyo, Akiko Seki conducted L'internationale and a Japanese version of The Red Flag; this experience led her to the creation of a national musical movement of the working class.
- February 10, 1948: Akiko Seki created the Choir of the Communist Youth League of Japan in Tokyo, as the core of national musical movement of the working class.
- June 1949: First issue of the periodical Singing Voice, organ of the Choir of the Communist Youth League of Japan.
- November 29, 1953: First national festival of the Singing voice of Japan in Tokyo, in the halls Hibiya Kōkaidō and Kanda Kyōristu Kōdō.
- February 14, 1955: Permanent institution of the Executive Committee of the Festival of the Singing Voice of Japan.
- December 20, 1955: Akiko Seki received the Stalin Peace Prize.
- May 1960: Statement of the Executive Committee of the Festival opposing the renewal of Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan.
- November 7, 1967: Première of a partial version of the opera Okinawa in Naha.
- November 25, 1967: First local performance in Tokyo, of the partial version of the opera Okinawa , in the Nippon Budōkan.
- December 10, 1969: First performance of the complete version of the opera Okinawa in Tokyo, in the hall Shibuya Kōkaidō.
- April 1971: First issue of the quarterly organ of the executive committee of the Festival.
- February 25, 1974: Radical revision of the organizational system of the executive committee, adopted during its sixth national congress: renaming the committee "National Council of the Singing Voice of Japan".
Musical repertoire and organization
Origin of the ''Hiragana'' script (うたごえ) for the name of the movement
Traditionally, the two initial words of the movement's official name Singing Voice are not expressed in Kanji as would be standard today, but in Hiragana that is: うたごえ instead of 歌声. And at least since the first national Festival of the movement in 1953, its title text was written in Hiragana: The singing voice is the vitality of peace - The Singing Voice of Japan 1953. Concerning the origin of such a particular script, Masamitsu Kiyomiya who was one of the founding members of the Choir of the Communist Youth League of Japan, recalled the moment of publication of the first choir organ Utagoe in these terms:However, even after the first issue of the choir organ, the script for the Japanese word Utagoe in Kanji and one mixed with Hiragana were sometimes used by authors of books or periodicals concerning The Singing Voice of Japan, while an exclusive formalization of Hiragana script has never been imposed by any official organization of the movement. A very remarkable example of the graphical oscillation would be the autograph of Akiko Seki dedicated to the national Festival of December 1962, in which she wrote one of the movement slogans The singing voice is the vitality of peace using mixed script of both Kanji and Hiragana for the word Utagoe, precisely such as: 歌こえ .
Relationship with the Japanese Communist Party
In accordance with the slogan Let's sing for the struggle of the working class, activists of the movement have composed many songs to encourage workers protest against illegal discrimination of their employers. In the 1960s, instruction of militants of the movement and continued improvement of their ideological, political and artistic quality were considered important means of cultural policy by the Japanese Communist Party. Nowadays, the only group that is active and explicitly dedicated to the support of JCP is Choir of JCP-fans, established in 2011 in Kyoto by veteran activists of the movement and directed by Tadao Yamamoto, composer, accordionist, choir director and an ordinary member of the National Council of The Singing Voice of Japan: the choir witnesses the historical connection calling itself by the acronym of English official name of the party. Its repertory and artistic activity are strongly linked in the movement, and in various cultural events organized by the Party, the Choir of JCP-fans appears as an element among the joined choirs of the volunteer singers of The Singing Voice of Japan.Notable concerts and performances of the Choir:
- February 11, 2011, Kyoto Kaikan Hall: Concert sponsored by the Kyoto Committee of the JCP.
- August 1, 2013, Nishijin Bunka Center : Cultural Live Revolutionary Pub, in collaboration with Tokiko Nishiyama, former JCP member of the House of Councilors.
- September 23, 2014, Takaragaike Park : Festival Kyoto ed.2014, organized by the Kyoto Committee of the JCP.
- February 1, 2015, Kyoiku Bunka Center : Festival sponsored by the Kyoto Committee of the JCP.
- April 29, 2016, Takaragaike Park : Festival Kyoto ed.2016, organized by the Kyoto Committee of the JCP: performance with Seifuku Kōjō Iinkai and Akira Koike, JCP member of the House of Councilors, and Secretary-General of the Party.
Episode of a Minister of Finance who tried to show his cultural competence uttering the name of the movement
Personalities and historical activists
- Akiko Seki : singer, founder of the movement
- Sakae Araki : composer
- Gorō Sudō : composer, conductor, JCP member of the House of Councilors
- Yoritoyo Inoue : cellist
- Katsura Nakazawa : soprano
- Nobuo Terahara : composer
- Hikaru Hayashi : composer
- Yūzō Toyama : conductor
- Susumu Ōnishi : composer
- Nobuo Sugimoto : composer, musicologist
- Kiminobu Sōma : composer, choir singer
- Tadao Yamamoto : composer
- Hiromi Fujimoto : poet
- Daisuke Doi : poet
- Taku Izumi : composer
- Kōji Kinoshita : composer
General history of the movement
- Various authors: The Singing Voice of Japan - collection of favorite songs: definitive edition. . 「日本のうたごえ: 決定版 愛唱歌集」（雑誌「知性」1956年増刊号：東京、河出書房）
- Toshio Itoya: History of labors' and revolutionary songs. . 糸屋寿雄「労働歌・革命歌物語」（東京、1970年）
- Akiko Seki: Since I am bewitched by the singing voice. . 関鑑子「歌ごえに魅せられて」（東京、1971年）
- Nishio Jirouhei and Tamotsu Yazawa: Japanese revolutionary songs. . 西尾治郎平、矢沢保 編「日本の革命歌」（東京、1974年）
- Yoritoyo Inoue: Singing voice, spread your wings. . 井上頼豊 編「うたごえよ翼ひろげて: 1948-1978」（東京、1978年）
- Tamotsu Yazawa: Singing voice for freedom and revolution. . 矢沢保「自由と革命の歌ごえ」（東京、1978年）
- Various authors: Introduction to The Singing Voice of Japan - commemorating the 30th anniversary of the movement, in: Kikan Nihon no Utagoe. . 「30周年記念 うたごえ運動入門」（日本のうたごえ全国協議会理論誌「季刊日本のうたごえ」1978年12月号）
- Hiromi Fujimoto: Singing for the struggle of the working class - History of The Singing Voice of Japan. . 藤本洋「うたは闘いとともに: うたごえの歩み」（東京、1980年）
History of specific aspects of the movement
- Hiromi Fujimoto: Singing for the struggle of the working class - History of the Choir Chūō. . 藤本洋「歌はたたかいとともに: 中央合唱団のあゆみ」（東京、1971年）
- Various authors: Great red rose: memories around Akiko Seki. . 関鑑子追想集編集委員会 編「大きな紅ばら: 関鑑子追想集」
- Yaeko Morita: Let this victory resonate, roar: life of Sakae Araki. . 森田ヤエ子「この勝利ひびけとどろけ: 荒木栄の生涯」（東京、1983年）
- Kuniyoshi Kōya: Songs and life of Sakae Araki, composer of the working class. . 神谷国善「労働者作曲家 荒木栄の歌と生涯」（東京、1985年）
- Saburō Hino: Rails, sing in full voice - the romanticism of railway workers. . 日野三朗「レールよ高らかにうたえ: 鉄路に生きる男のロマン」（東京、1988年）
- Various authors: Resonate, singing voice for peace - the movement of The Singing Voice of Japan under the US military occupation in Okinawa . . 沖縄のうたごえ運動編集委員会 企画・編集「ひびけ平和のうたごえ: 米軍占領下の沖縄のうたごえ運動」（沖縄・南風原町、2004年）
- Tsuneko Nara: Memory of my life for The Singing Voice of Japan. . 奈良恒子「うたごえに生きて」（東京、2007年）
Dissertations