The God Particle (book) The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? is a 1993 popular science book by Nobel Prize-winning physicist Leon M. Lederman and science writer Dick Teresi . The book provides a brief history of particle physics , starting with the Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Democritus , and continuing through Isaac Newton , Roger J. Boscovich, Michael Faraday , and Ernest Rutherford and quantum physics in the 20th century. Lederman explains in the book why he gave the Higgs boson the nickname "The Goddamn Particle": In 2013, subsequent to the discovery of the Higgs boson, Lederman co-authored, with theoretical physicist Christopher T. Hill, a sequel: Beyond the God Particle which delves into the future of particle physics in the post-Higgs boson era. The book is part of a trilogy, with companions, Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe andQuantum Physics for Poets .Historical context director and subsequent Nobel physics prize winner Leon M. Lederman was a very prominent early supporter – some sources say the architect or proposer – of the Superconducting Super Collider project, which was endorsed around 1983, and was a major proponent and advocate throughout its lifetime. Lederman wrote his 1993 popular science book – which sought to promote awareness of the significance of such a project – in the context of the project's last years and the changing political climate of the 1990s . The increasingly moribund project was finally shelved that same year after some $2 billion of expenditure. The proximate causes of the closure were the rising US budget deficit , rising projected costs of the project, and the cessation of the Cold War which reduced the perceived political pressure within the United States to undertake and complete high-profile megaprojects of this kind.Chapter 1: The Invisible Soccer Ball : This chapter uses a metaphor of a soccer game with an invisible ball to depict the process by which the existence of particles are deduced. Also, in this chapter Dr. Lederman gives a brief background story of what led him to particle physics.Chapter 2: The First Particle Physicist : In a fictional dream, Dr. Lederman meets Democritus, an ancient Greek philosopher who lived during the Classical Greek Civilization, and has a conversation with him.Chapter 3: Looking For The Atom: The Mechanics : This chapter covers Galileo , Tycho Brahe , Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton.Chapter 4: Still Looking for the Atom: Chemists and Electricians : This chapter covers physicists from the 18th century onward including J.J. Thomson, John Dalton, and Dmitri Mendeleev .Chapter 5: The Naked Atom : This chapter paints a picture of the shift from classical physics to the birth and development of quantum mechanics .Chapter 6: Accelerators: They Smash Atoms, Don’t They? : Covers the development of particle accelerators.Chapter 7: A-tom! : The book uses the word "A-tom" to refer to Democritus' fundamental, uncuttable particle. This chapter covers the discovery of the fundamental particles of the Standard Model .Chapter 8: The God Particle At Last : Covers spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Higgs boson.Chapter 9: Inner Space, Outer Space, and the Time Before Time : Looks at astrophysics and describes the evidence for the Big Bang .
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