She is the daughter of Kannada Playwright and novelist Niranjana and writer Anupama Niranjana. She is the co-founder and a senior fellow at the , Bangalore, where she was also Lead Researcher in the Program. She was the Chair at the Centre for Indian Languages in Higher Education at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai from 2012 till 2016. As of 2016, she is a professor and Head of Department of Cultural Studies, at Lingnan University, Hong Kong, and Visiting Professor with the School of Arts and Science at Ahmedabad University. She is the Chair of the Inter-Asia Cultural Studies Society. She is the conceptualiser and co-producer of Jahaji Music, a documentary, starring Indian-Portuguese musician Remo Fernandes, that looks at musical forms in the Indian diaspora in the Caribbean. The film's title translates to "Ship's Music" which is a reference to the ships that carried indentured labour settlers from East India to French-Trinidad in the mid 19th century.. The film, co-produced by filmmaker Surabhi Sharma, connected the worlds of gender, music and migration and was well received by the media... She is also the author of , which examines the cultural, political and geographical reasons why Mumbai became such a popular centre for Hindustani music. In a 2014 interview with Online Indian Women's magazine The Ladies Finger, she detailed her research process for this project, which she describes as part ethnographic, part archival work and several interviews.. As part of the same project, she once again collaborated with filmmaker Surabhi Sharma to produce the film Phir Se Sam Pe Aana.. She was a Distinguished Fellow at the Centre for Internet and Society, Bangalore from 2013 till 2016. She is also the recipient of the Sephis Postdoctoral Fellowship, Sawyer Fellow at the University of Michigan; Rockefeller Fellow, University of Chicago, and the Homi Bhabha National Fellowship. She was awarded the Central Sahitya Akademi Award for Best Translation Into English, and the Karnataka State Sahitya Akademi Award for Best Translation. She has lectured in the West Indies, Brazil, South Africa, Japan, Taiwan, the U.S, and the U.K. She has been learning music for a decade from Mumbai-based Gwalior gharana singer Neela Bhagwat. Niranjana is also known in academic circles for her keen efforts in creating a bi-lingual pedagogy manual for classrooms in Indian Higher Education classrooms. Initial research toward this was carried out with fellow feminist scholar Sharmila Rege. In 2009, she was part of a 180 strong list of Indian Academics who opposed Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, on the grounds that it was anti-democratic.
Publications
Books
Musicophilia in Mumbai: Performing Subjects and the Metropolitan Unconscious
Mobilizing India: Women, Migration and Music between India and Trinidad
Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism and the Colonial Context
Edited volumes
Music, Modernity, and Publicness in India.
Breaking the Silo: Integrating Science Education in India - With K.Sridhar and Anup Dhar,.
Genealogies of the Asian Present: Situating Inter-Asia Cultural Studies - With Wang Xiaoming.
Streevaadi Vimarshe - With Seemanthini Niranjana, in Kannada .
Interrogating Modernity: Culture and Colonialism in India - With P. Sudhir and Vivek Dhareshwar,.
Selected articles in books
"Colonialism and the Politics of Translation", in An Other Tongue: Nation and Ethnicity in the Linguistic Borderlands, ed. Alfred Arteaga.
"Colonialism and the Aesthetics of Translation", in Interrogating Modernity: Culture and Colonialism in India, Tejaswini Niranjana, P. Sudhir and Vivek Dhareshwar.
"Translation, Colonialism, and the Rise of English", in Rethinking English: Essays in Literature, Language, History, ed. Svati Joshi.
“Indian nationalism and Female Sexuality: A Trinidadian Tale”, in Sex and the citizen: interrogating the Caribbean, ed. Faith Smith.
“Hindi Cinema and Popular Music in Trinidad”, in Remembered Rhythms, Shubha Chaudhuri and Anthony Seeger.
“Gender and the Media: Problems for Cultural History”, in Re-Figuring Culture: History, Theory and the Aesthetic in Contemporary India ed. Satish Poduval.
“Vigilantism and the Pleasures of Masquerade: The Female Spectators of Vijayasanthi Films”, in City Flicks, ed. Preben Kaarsholm.
“Nationalism Refigured: Contemporary South Indian Cinema and the Subject of Feminism”, in Community, Gender and Violence: Subaltern Studies XI, Partha Chatterjee and Pradeep Jeganathan.
, “Kaadalan and the Politics of Resignification”, in Making Meaning in Indian Cinema, ed. Ravi Vasudevan.
Selected articles in journals
“English Education in the Multi-lingual Classroom”, ' 16:2