The name Tamra is derived from the Arabic to make a pit for storing corn & c.
History
Remains from the Iron Age I era have been excavated. Remains from the Iron Age II, the Late Persian – Early Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine eras have been found here. A village was here in the Byzantine period; tombs and remnants of two churches have been found. In the Byzantine and early Islamic eras, there was an agricultural settlement here. Remains from the Early Islamic have also been found. Remains dating to the Umayyad era have been excavated, together with housing remains dating to the Early Abbasid period . A Basilica was constructed here during the Umayyad era, a dedication from 725 CE was found in the middle. Mosaics belonging to the church have been excavated. The church was probably damaged in the 749 Galilee earthquake, after which its columns were replaced with square pilasters. The archeological evidence indicates that a thriving Christian community existed here in the Umayyad and the Abbasid eras. Two complex winepress that were operated in the Umayyad and Abbasid periods have also been found, indicating widespread wine production during these eras. Mamluk era remains have also been found.
This village has taken the place of an ancient town which formerly rose in an amphitheatre around an abundant spring, whose waters are received in a regular basin formerly vaulted. Everywhere considerable piles of stones, for the most part basaltic; the remains of overthrown houses strew the slopes of the hill. In the midst of these confused ruins I remarked, near the spring, the vestiges of a small church lying east and west and divided into three naves. It was ornamented with columns, of which several trunks yet remain. In the higher part of the city are still distinguished the remains of a second church, almost entirely destroyed, which was paved with mosaic, as is proven by the little cubes lying about on the ground.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Tumrah as "a village of middling size, perhaps 50 or 70 houses, situated on high ground, and surrounded by plough-land." They also noted that there were ruins on the south side of the village.
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Thamra showed a population of 104, all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 193, still all Muslims, in a total of 34 houses. In the 1945 statistics Tamra had 240 inhabitants, 160 Arabs and 80 Jews, with a total of 9,436 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 27 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 9,090 dunams were used for cereals, while 6 dunams were built-up land.
