Tamil–Kannada languages


Tamil–Kannada is an inner branch of the Southern Dravidian I subfamily of the Dravidian languages that include Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam.. Tamil–Kannada itself is designated as a branch of the South Dravidian I subfamily and in turn branches off into Tamil–Kodagu and Kannada–Badaga. The languages that constitute the Tamil–Kannada branch are Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Irula, Toda, Kota, Kodava, and Badaga.

According to R. C. Hiremath, Director of International School of Dravidian Linguistics in Trivandrum, the separation of Tamil and Kannada into independent languages from the Tamil–Kannada inner branch started with the separation of Tulu in about 1500 BCE and completed in about 300 BCE.
Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam are recognized among the official languages of India and are spoken mainly in South India. All three are officially recognized as classical languages by the Government of India, along with Sanskrit, Telugu, and Odia.

Phonological features

and Malayalam have both retroflex lateral and retroflex approximant sounds, whereas Kannada has retained only the retroflex lateral. Evidence shows that both retroflex fricative and the retroflex laterals were once also present in Kannada. However, all the retroflex approximants changed into retroflex laterals in Kannada later. In Kannada, the bilabial voiceless plosive at the beginning of many words has disappeared to produce a velar fricative or has disappeared completely. This change is unique to Kannada in the Dravidian family. Tamil does not show this change.
Tamil and Telugu show the conversion of velar plosives into palatal plosives at the beginning of the words. Kannada, however, is totally inert to this change and hence the velar plosives are retained as such or with minimum changes in the corresponding words.

Dravidian languages genealogy