TGF-beta receptor family


The Transforming Growth Factor beta receptors are a family of serine/threonine kinase receptors involved in TGF beta signaling pathway. These receptors bind growth factor and cytokine signaling proteins in the TGF-beta family such as TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins, growth differentiation factors, activin and inhibin, myostatin, anti-Müllerian hormone, and NODAL.

TGFβ family receptors

TGFβ family receptors are grouped into three types, type I, type II, and type III. There are seven type I receptors, termed the activin-like receptors, five type II receptors, and one type III receptor, for a total of 13 TGFβ superfamily receptors. In the transduction pathway, ligand-bound type II receptors activate type I receptors by phosphorylation, which then autophosphorylate and bind SMAD. The Type I receptors have a glycine-serine repeat motif of around 30 AA, a target of type II activity. At least three, and perhaps four to five of the serines and threonines in the GS domain, must be phosphorylated to fully activate TbetaR-1.

Type I

Unlike the Type I and II receptors which are kinases, TGFBR3 has a Zona pellucida-like domain. Its core domain binds TGF-beta family ligands and its heparan sulfate chains bind bFGF. It acts as a reservoir of ligand for TGF-beta receptors.