SwePol
SwePol is a -long bipolar high-voltage direct current submarine cable between the Stärnö peninsula near Karlshamn, Sweden, and Bruskowo Wielkie, near Słupsk, Poland.
SwePol is a high voltage cable with a cross section of. It runs for as underground cable from Stärno HVDC Station to the shore of the Baltic Sea. The long submarine cable comes ashore in Poland near Ustka at and runs underground for the remaining to Bruskowo Wielkie HVDC Static Inverter Plant.
Unlike other monopolar HVDC schemes, Swepol uses a metallic return consisting of 2 cables with sections for the submarine portion of the line, and a single cable with sections for the land portions.
Both stations use air-core inductance smoothing rectifiers of 225 mH and a weight of 27.5 tonnes, with filters for the 11th, 13th, 24th, and 36th harmonics. Each filter consists of a coil and a capacitor switched in row. The filters for the 11th and 13th harmonics are adjustable. The filters deliver a reactive power of 95 Mvar. Additional 95 Mvar reactive power is delivered by a capacitor bank. Each station's static inverter, which is switched as a 12-pulse thyristor bridge, consists of 792 thyristors arranged in three high towers installed in a valve hall.
The SwePol link was inaugurated in 2000 and can transmit up to 600 MW power at a voltage of 450 kV. It was initially owned and maintained by SwePol Link AB, a company jointly owned by the state-owned Swedish power company Svenska Kraftnät, Vattenfall, and Polish transmission system operator PSE-Operator, but the company was liquidated and the cable was acquired by Svenska Kraftnät for the Swedish and PSE-Operator for the Polish part of the cable.
Since coming online, 11 instances of cable damage have occurred: one on the high voltage line and 10 on the return cable. Causes have included ship anchors, fishing nets, fire, and grid power disturbances. On February 14, 2005, the smoothing reactor at the HVDC station at Bruskowo Wielkie was destroyed by fire. Repairs took 20 hours.
Initially SwePol was used to export electricity to Poland only.
In 2016, SwePol had an available technical capacity of 87%. The technical capacity not used was 25%. Totally, 2.8 TWh was exported from Sweden to Poland and 0.2 TWh
of the technical capacity) was imported to Sweden.
In 2017, SwePol had an available technical capacity of 94.2 %. The technical capacity not used was 31.9 %. Totally, 3.1 TWh was exported from Sweden to Poland and 0.2 TWh was imported to Sweden.
In 2018, SwePol had an available technical capacity of 96 %. The technical capacity not used was 30 %. Totally, 3.1 TWh was exported from Sweden to Poland and 0.4 TWh was imported to Sweden.
Sites
| Site | Coordinates |
| Bruskowo Wielkie Static Inverter Plant | |
| Stärnö Static Inverter Plant |