In Austria, the highest possible honor in education is the promotio sub auspiciis . In this ceremony, the President honors the country's best students with a gold ring, engraved with the words "sub auspiciis praesidentis" and the emblem of Austria.
History
The history of the promotio sub auspiciis goes back to the 17th century, when the bestphilosophy students at the University in Vienna were invited to the Palace of the Holy Roman Emperor to receive gold medallions embossed with the Emperor's profile. This was a reward for their excellent achievements for their country. In the following centuries, until the abolishment of the monarchy in 1918, this tradition became widespread and was coined "promotio sub imperatoris" for Universities in the Austrian part or "promotio sub regis" for universities in the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After World War II, beginning in 1952, the term "sub auspiciis" was reintroduced with the addition of "praesidentis rei publicae".
Requirements
In order to qualify for this honor, an individual must be perceived to possess exemplary moral character and succeed in passing all requirements for a doctorate within a given time scale, and with the highest possible grades.
Matura
In order to achieve the promotion sub auspiciis, one has to acquire "passed with distinction" already at high school: each year of high school, as well as the final examMatura, have to be "passed with distinction". High school lasts four to five years, including both prescriptive and elective subjects. These subjects are individually graded as either
,
,
,
or
.
To get "passed with distinction", all subjects must, on average, have received grades 1.5 or better. Finally, high school ends with the Matura, a formalized summative assessment which is graded as follows:
"mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg bestanden",
"mit gutem Erfolg bestanden",
"bestanden",
and "nicht bestanden".
Diploma or Bachelor/Master
In Austria a diploma curriculum is divided into several parts. All parts end with diploma examinations. In order to make it possible to get the promotio sub auspiciis each grade in each of these diplomas has to be best possible. Moreover, the degree has to be completed within the average studying time. The requirements are the same for bachelor's and master's degrees: all grades have to be best possible.
Ph.D.
The Austrian doctoral degree depends on a Ph.D. thesis and an oral examination. For the promotio sub auspiciis, both have to be rated with 1 and "passed with distinction" has to be given. Note that there are no Latin honors like in Germany associated with this degree.
Other
In Austria, approximately 20 out of 2500 students graduate as "sub auspiciis" per year, resulting in just 1042 of such graduations between 1952 and 2012. The Austrian Botanist Eva Schönbeck-Temesy graduated sub auspiciis in 1954, as did the Austrian Astrophysicist Lisa Kaltenegger in 2005.
Literature
Walter Brunner, Die Promotio sub auspiciis, Wien : Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung 1990
Gabor Hamza - Istvan Hoffman, "History and Current Situation of the Promotio sub auspiciis Praesidentis Rei publicae in the Hungarian and Austrian Legal Education", Magyar Tudomány 59 S. 849-853.