Stanislas d'Escayrac de Lauture


Pierre Henri Stanislas d'Escayrac de Lauture, count then marquis of Escayrac, Commandeur of the Légion d'honneur, 19 March 1826 – 18 December 1868) was a 19th-century French explorer, geographer, diplomat and linguist.
He was born of an old aristocratic family of Quercy, of which three members took part in the Crusade of Louis IX of France. His father was marquis, Pair de France, and his mother Adèle Portal, daughter of baron Pierre-Barthélémy Portal d'Albarèdes, Minister of the Navy under Louis XVIII of France.
A French traveler and explorer, he made numerous trips to Africa and the East and left some interesting works.

Biography

He entered the college of the Oratorians of Juilly at a young age. In 1856 he was called by the Viceroy of Egypt to lead an expedition to look for the sources of the Nile, Napoleon III gave him the cross of officer of the Legion of Honour to reward him for so worthily representing French science abroad. He became acquainted with Ferdinand de Lesseps, whom he met at Cairo, and became a fervent supporter of the Suez Canal. He returned to France in 1858, where he married Marie Rayer, the daughter of Dr. Pierre Rayer, ordinary physician of Napoleon III.
In 1860 to protect their commercial relations with the Far East, France and England allied themselves and dispatched their troops against the Chinese emperor. Scientists and explorers accompanied the soldiers. Count Stanislas of Escayrac of Lauture obtained his participation as chief of expedition at the Second Opium War. But while the soldiers were ransacking the summer palace, he fell into a trap on the road to Peking. Sequestered and tortured, he became the hostage of the Mandarins, the stake of a terrible arm wrestling between the Franco-British staff and the imperial government.
He returned mutilated from his captivity in China, but succeeded in dictating his 'Memoirs of China' to his brother.
He had taken as his motto in his works: Aperire terram gentibus = "Opening the Earth to the Nations".
He is buried with his parents in the family funerary chapel of Cemetery of Saint-Louis, Versailles.

Works

1849–1860: Research focusing on Africa
1860–1868: Research mainly devoted to China