Stadium diplomacy


Stadium diplomacy is a form of cultural diplomacy practiced by the People's Republic of China through building and donating stadiums and sports facilities in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and the South Pacific. China uses this form of soft power to secure diplomatic recognition in line with the One-China policy and to secure natural resources.
The construction of stadiums is financed depending on the project with some given as gifts; paid for through low interest, concessional loans; built in partnership with both China and the host nation taking on different construction responsibilities; or through some other kind of partnership. This kind of diplomacy has started as early as 1958, where the Chinese government helped in financing the construction National Sports Stadium in Mongolia.

List

The following includes overseas stadiums and sports facilities built by China and donated as gifts or financed in association with the host country. Stadiums built by Chinese construction firms but without Chinese government financing assistance are not listed.

Africa

Asia

Europe

Caribbean

Latin America

South Pacific