Spherical mean


In mathematics, the spherical mean of a function around a point is the average of all values of that function on a sphere of given radius centered at that point.

Definition

Consider an open set U in the Euclidean space Rn and a continuous function u defined on U with real or complex values. Let x be a point in U and r > 0 be such that the closed ball B of center x and radius r is contained in U. The spherical mean over the sphere of radius r centered at x is defined as
where ∂B is the -sphere forming the boundary of B, dS denotes integration with respect to spherical measure and ωn−1 is the "surface area" of this -sphere.
Equivalently, the spherical mean is given by
where ωn−1 is the area of the -sphere of radius 1.
The spherical mean is often denoted as
The spherical mean is also defined for Riemannian manifolds in a natural manner.

Properties and uses