Sonnet 104


Sonnet 104 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man.

Synopsis

The youth does not seem to have grown older at all in the three years that the poet has known him. Still, age comes on imperceptibly. If so, future ages will have to know that beauty died before future ages were born.
This sonnet deals with the destructive force of time as we grow older. The poet uses his friend as an example. He admires the fact that his friend has kept his youthful appearance over the time that he has known him.

Structure

Sonnet 104 is an English or Shakespearean sonnet. The English sonnet has three quatrains, followed by a final rhyming couplet. It follows the typical rhyme scheme of the form ABAB CDCD EFEF GG and is composed in iambic pentameter, a type of poetic metre based on five pairs of metrically weak/strong syllabic positions. The 8th line exemplifies a regular iambic pentameter:

 × / × / × / × / × / 
Since first I saw you fresh, which yet are green.

The 13th line has a mid-line reversal :

 × / × / / × × / × / 
For fear of which, hear this thou age unbred:

This is a metrical variation that is more commonly encountered at the beginning of the line, and there is one definite and several potential examples of initial reversals in the sonnet.
The meter demands a two-syllable pronunciation for "dial" in line 9.