"Someone to Watch Over Me" is a 1926 song composed by George Gershwin with lyrics by Ira Gershwin, assisted by Howard Dietz who penned the title. It was written for the musical Oh, Kay!, with the part originally sung on Broadway by English actress Gertrude Lawrence while holding a rag doll in a sentimental solo scene. The successful musical ran for more than 200 performances in New York and then saw equivalent acclaim in London in 1927; all with the song as its centerpiece. Lawrence released the song as a medium-tempo single which rose to number 2 on the charts in 1927. Initially, "Someone to Watch Over Me" was written by George Gershwin as a "fast and jazzy" up-tempo swing tune – marked scherzando in the sheet music – but in the 1930s and 1940s it was covered by singers in a slower ballad form, which became the standard. The definitive slow torch song version was first released by Lee Wiley in 1939, followed by Margaret Whiting in 1944. More than 1,800 recordings of the song have been published, almost all of them performed in the slow ballad style. The song was recorded by Frank Sinatra in 1946 for his first album The Voice Of Frank Sinatra, and again in 1954 for the filmYoung At Heart. Sinatra's popular recordings helped cement the standard slow style. "Someone to Watch Over Me" was notably covered by Ella Fitzgerald, Chet Baker, Sarah Vaughan, Dakota Staton, Barbra Streisand, Ray Charles, Willie Nelson, Rickie Lee Jones, Elton John and Amy Winehouse. Nelson Riddle arranged two lush orchestral versions, one backing Keely Smith in 1959 on Swingin' Pretty, and the other for Linda Ronstadt in 1983 on What's New – the latter album winning a Grammy Award. The song was also used prominently in the film Mr. Holland's Opus with vocals by Julia Fordham. Howard Dietz, who was involved in composing other songs in Oh Kay! while Ira Gershwin was hospitalized for six weeks for a ruptured appendix, claimed he helped write the lyrics to "Someone to Watch Over Me". He was not named in the song credits, and he was paid very little for his contribution. Dietz said in his 1974 memoir that the title of the song was his invention, a fact that was first revealed by Ira in his 1959 book Lyrics on Several Occasions. Lawrence's performances of the song in 1926 and 1927 were presented in a solo scene at the beginning of Act II, with Lawrence wearing a maid's uniform and singing to a rag doll that she held in her hand. The rag doll was described in male gender terms by George Gershwin in 1934, saying "I don't know where he is now... he certainly did his part well." George said he found the doll in a toy shop in Philadelphia where the play was in development, and he thrust the doll upon Lawrence to use as a prop in the scene, to increase the sense of her character's vulnerability. This late addition surprised the play's director. One observer in 2017 identified the doll as Raggedy Ann.
