Soğuksu National Park is located about north of Ankara in a transition zone between the western Black Sea Region and the Central Anatolia Region that is dominated by dense forests. It covers in total land area, which was extended in 1979 from its initial area of. The national park area consists of plains between small valleys, which converge in two main valleys fed by a number of streams. The streams Batılganın Creek and Küçük Soğuksu Creek run dry in the summer time. The terrain has a rugged topography. The elevation ranges between above mean sea level with a mean of. The highest peaks are Tolubelen Hill and Arhut Hill. Other notable hills are Harmandoruk Hill, Çakmaklı’nın Doruktepe, Samrıdoruk Hill, Kayabelen Hill, Kel Hill and Kara Hill. Besides Kızılcahanan, other populated places around the national park are small villages such as Karacaören, Sazak, Saraycık and Alveren.
Geology
The wooded areas of the national park consists of volcanic rocks including andesite, basalt, tuff and agglomerate. Hot springs and cold water sources are found in these areas. The hot springs are evaluated as spa. In the northern part of the national park, petrified woods are found, which were formed by volcanic activation about 10–12 million years ago. A preserved petrified tree trunk of length has diameter.
Ecosystem
Flora
The forests in the national park, which exhibit the characteristics of European-Siberian vegetation, cover an area of. Dominant species include coniferous trees such as Scots pine, larch and fir. Other notable trees include broadleaves such as oak, alder, aspen, maple, dogwood and black locust. Wild strawberry, wild rose, wild pear, dwarf juniper, wild hazelnut and hawthorn are common forms of low vegetation.
The climate in the Soğuksu National Park and its surroundings shows the transient character between the continental climate of the Central Anatolian steppe and the rainy climate of the North Anatolia. Although the annual average temperature in the nearby town of Kızılcahamam is around, it is about less in the national park.
Facilities and recreation
Due to its relative proximity to the capital, the national park is a popular destination for the residents of Ankara. Only one third of the park area is reserved for public use while the rest is protected natural area. It features a -long trail. An information center, two restaurants, a kiosk are at service in the national park. A 300-bed thermal sparesort in the park is also available for visitors. Further facilities are available such as campsites, picnic tables, fire places, faucets and public toilets, which can meet the needs of about 12,000 visitors. The national park offers opportunities for diverse recreational outdoor activities such as hiking, trekking, camping, birdwatching, mountaineering and photo safari. Mountain climbing is performed on the northwestern part of Osmandede Hill. A 2009-built station at the hillside of Kayabeleni Hill offers birdwatching for black vulture, and a bird feeder for black vulture is situated at Yanık Sırtı. "Atatürk Çamı" is a place in the national park with historic value, where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk once took a rest. A "Atatürk Day" is held annually on July 18 at this site.
Access
Soğuksu National Park is accessible west of Kızılcahamam, which is on the state road 750 north of Ankara. Ankara city bus line EGO 527 serves the national park from Ulus, Ankara four times a day. The ride takes around two and half hours.
