Smārthavichāram, was the trial of a Nambudiri woman and fellow male adulterers who were accused of illegitimate sexual relations. If the accused women was found guilty, she and the men found involved with her were excommunicated from the caste and banished. The trial was mainly conducted by the smarthans from three Bhattathiri families.They are pattachomayarath mana,vellaykat mana and moothamana. Moothamana bhattathiris did the smarthavicharams in Travancore, vellaykat mana bhattathiris did the smarthavicharams in Malabar and pattachomayarath mana bhattathiris had the right to do smarthavicharams in whole of kerala. The permission of the Mahārāja was necessary to start a smārthavichāram. The practice is nonexistent today and last reportedly took place in 1918.
The Event
There are six stages to a Smarthavicharam
Dasi Vicharam (Trial of the maid-servant)
The first stage of this trial procedure is interrogating the 'dāsi', the maid, of the accused female member. If a Nambutiri housewife was suspected of sexual misconduct then she was at first placed under restraint, and as a first step, her dāsi, a.k.a. vṛṣali, was questioned. If the dāsi should incriminate her mistress the latter is forthwith segregated and a watch set upon her.
Anchampurayilackal
If there is substantial evidence on the antharjanam's sexual misdeeds, she is isolated to a special cell. After the woman is isolated, the family-head informs the king about the case. The king then sends four lawyers together with a smārthan and a Brahmin for conducting the trial.
Questioning the Antharjanam
The third stage involves questioning the antharjanam by the smārthan. During questioning the smārthan sits outside the cell without seeing the accused. This can take up hours or even days depending on the severity of the case and until the woman accepts all allegations and becomes a sāthanam. During this period the antharjanam may subject to physical torture if necessary to make her confess. A popular method was to pack the woman in a mat, like a dead body, and roll it from the housetop. At other times, rats, snakes and other poisonous creatures were driven into the cell of the accused. Once she has accepted all her misdeeds, the smārthan questions the sāthanam face to face to get the names of the jārans. She also has to substantiate her accusations by proofs, normally some marks on the private parts of the men, which the smārthan later verifies. The trial would continue until the smārthan is convinced that there are no more jārans.
Swarūpamchollal
After this, the king would be informed about the men involved. If the accused deny these allegations, they were subject to sathya-parīkṣa at Sucīndram temple.
Dehavichedam
In this stage, the saathanam and the guilty men are ceremoniously ostracized and excommunicated.
Shuddhabhojanam (pure meal)
The trial team shares a meal after this. If the accused are found to be innocent, they also take part in it.
Trial of Kuriyedath Thāthri (Dhathri in Sanskrit)
The most sensational Smarthavicharam was the one in 1905 that involved Kuriyedath Thāthri, the wife of Chemmanthatta Kuriyedathu Rāman Nambūdiri of Mukundapuram Taluk. Thathri had been married off at an early age to the sixty-year-old Rāman Namboodiri. The trial lasted for six months. The trial was conducted by the bhattathiris from pattachomayarath mana. The verdict was pronounced on the night of 13 July 1905, indicting Thāthri and the other accused men. Some sources say that there were 65 accused men and she was asked to name them and substantiate it by narrating their body marks. The accused were men of high caste, influential and reputed in the society. Thātri's accused paramours included 30 Nambūthiris, 10 Iyers, 13 Ambalavāsis and 11 Nairs. From the accounts of people who recount the tale, the Raja of Cochin stopped the trial since his name was next on her list.
