The Sikorsky S-29-A was a twin-engine sesquiplaneairliner, first flown in 1924. It was the first aircraft that aviation pioneerIgor Sikorsky designed and built after coming to the United States, hence the special "-A" suffix signifying "America". The aircraft made many successful long range flights, most of which Sikorsky piloted himself. The S-29-A claims a number of "firsts" in aviation including the first twin engine aircraft capable of maintaining altitude on one engine, the first aircraft to broadcast a radio musical program in-flight, in 1925 and in 1926 the first aircraft to display a motion picturein flight. The S-29-A was also one of the first aircraft to make use of an airstair door, located on the starboard side of the fuselage.
Design and development
Sikorsky and his colleagues began work on the machine in the spring of 1923 on a farm near Roosevelt Field on Long Island. The aircraft structure was manufactured from steel with the two bay wire braced strutted wings made from wood and fabric. The machine featured a twin vertical stabilizer design and was originally fitted with a pair of Hispano-Suiza 8 engines rated at 220 hp each. The pilot and mechanic sat in an open cockpit half way between the main wings and the tail, while up to 14 passengers were accommodated forward within the streamlined fuselage. During the winter of 1923-24 work on the project came to a near stand still due to finical concerns. The famed Russian composerSergei Rachmaninoff appeared one day and after a discussion with Sikorsky he donated $5,000 to complete the S-29-A. The first flight, piloted by Sikorsky, was on May 4, 1924 and resulted in a forced landing on a golf course, seriously damaging the aircraft. The crash was caused by low engine rpm leading to insufficient thrust due to excessive pitch of the propellers. After rebuilding the aircraft, two 400 hp Liberty L-12 engines were installed. The second flight on Sept 25 was very successful. Flight testing revealed the S-29-A was able to maintain altitude on one engine at a speed of 75 mph.
Operational history
On April 23, 1925 the S-29-A completed its first revenue flight from New York to Washington D.C. The cargo consisted of two Baby Grand pianos, one of which was delivered to the first lady Mrs. Calvin Coolidge. On May 8, 1925 a regular passenger service between New York and Yorktown Virginia began and the S-29-A was officially christened the Yorktown at Bolling Field in Washing D.C. The aircraft made over 300 successful flights, but with the airline industry only just emerging in the United States at that time, the S-29 failed to attract the customers that Sikorsky had hoped. Eventually Sikorsky sold the S-29-A to Roscoe Turner in 1927 and it had a varied career in merchandising and acting as a flying cigar store. On April 3, 1928 Turner sold the aircraft to the Caddo Company, Inc. of Hollywood, CA. The President of Caddo, Howard Hughes intended to use it in the making of the movieHell's Angels. The S-29-A was painted and modified to resemble a Gothaheavy bomber. During filming of a dangerous diving spinning stunt on March 22, 1929 at Pacoima, California the linen of the left wing began tearing and parts of the left engine cowling separated. The pilotbailed out, the S-29-A crashed and was damaged beyond repair.
