The Seven Enemy Offensives is a group name used in Yugoslav historiography to refer to seven major Axismilitary operations undertaken during World War II in Yugoslavia against the Yugoslav Partisans. These seven major offensives were distinct from the day-to-day warfare that went on in every part of the country; and they were distinct, too, from planned operations involving large numbers of troops against isolated regions. The seven offensives were seven different attempts by carefully planned, co-ordinated, and extensive manoeuvres to annihilate the main core of partisan resistance.
The First Enemy Offensive, the attack conducted by the Axis in autumn of 1941 against the "Republic of Užice", a liberated territory the Partisans established in the western region of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia. In November 1941, under the codename 'Operation Uzice', German troops attacked and reoccupied this territory, with the majority of Partisan forces escaping towards Bosnia. It was during this offensive that tenuous collaboration between the Partisans and the royalist Chetniksbroke down and turned into open hostility.
The Second Enemy Offensive, which consisted of three consecutive German-led operations, Operation Southeast Croatia and Operation Ozren against Partisan forces in eastern Bosnia, and Operation Prijedor to relieve beleaguered German and Croatian forces in northwest Bosnia. In eastern Bosnia, the Partisan troops avoided encirclement and were forced to retreat over Igman mountain near Sarajevo.
The Fourth Enemy Offensive, also known as the Battle of the Neretva or Fall Weiss, a conflict spanning the area between western Bosnia and northern Herzegovina, and culminating in the Partisan retreat over the Neretva river. It took place from January to April, 1943.
The Fifth Enemy Offensive, also known as the Battle of the Sutjeska or Fall Schwarz. The operation immediately followed the Fourth Offensive and included a complete encirclement of Partisan forces in southeastern Bosnia and northern Montenegro in May and June 1943.
The Sixth Enemy Offensive, also known as the Operation Kugelblitz, a series of operations undertaken by the Wehrmacht and the NDH military after the capitulation of Italy in an attempt to secure the Adriatic Sea coast. It took place in the autumn and winter of 1943/44.
The Seventh Enemy Offensive, the final attack in western Bosnia in the spring of 1944, which included Operation Rösselsprung, an unsuccessful attempt to eliminate Josip Broz Tito personally and annihilate the leadership of the Partisan movement, located in Drvar.
By the end of the seventh offensive, the greater part of Yugoslavia was securely in partisan hands.
