Sequential manual transmission


A sequential manual transmission is a type of manual transmission used mostly for motorcycles and racing cars. It produces faster shift times than traditional synchronized manual transmissions and restricts the driver to selecting either the next or previous gear.

Design

A sequential manual transmission allows the driver to select either the next gear or the previous gear, operated either via electronic paddle-shifters mounted behind the steering wheel or with a sequential shifter. This restriction avoids accidentally selecting the wrong gear; however, it also prevents the driver from deliberately "skipping" gears. The use of dog-clutches results in faster shift speeds than a manual transmission.
On a sequential manual transmission, the shift lever operates a ratchet mechanism that converts the fore and aft motion of the shift lever into rotation of a selector drum which has three or four tracks machined around its circumference. Selector forks are guided by the tracks, either directly or via selector rods. The tracks deviate around the circumference and as the drum rotates, the selector forks are moved to select the required gear.
A sequential manual transmission is not to be confused with a "sequential" shifting function sometimes fitted to hydraulic automatic transmission, marketed with terms such as "Tiptronic" or "SportShift". This function allows the driver to select the previous or next gear through the use of buttons or a lever ; however, the mechanicals of the transmission remains unrelated to a sequential manual transmission.

Usage

Most modern motorcycles use a sequential manual transmission. Controlling the gear shifter with the rider's foot allows their hands to remain on the handlebars. However, most motor scooters do not use a sequential manual transmission, instead using either a hydraulic automatic transmission or a continuously variable transmission.
Most race cars also use a sequential transmission now, rather than the old H-pattern stick shift, beginning with paddle-shifted Formula One cars during the 1990s. Due to the high rate of wear and abrupt shifting action, sequential manual transmissions are rarely used in, albeit with exceptions.