STX1A
Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1A gene.Function
s store neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis. The specificity of neurotransmitter release requires the localization of both synaptic vesicles and calcium channels to the presynaptic active zone. Syntaxins function in this vesicle fusion process.
Syntaxin-1A is a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE domain, and an N-terminal regulatory domain. Syntaxins bind synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent fashion and interact with voltage dependent calcium and potassium channels via the C-terminal H3 domain. Syntaxin-1A is a key protein in ion channel regulation and synaptic exocytosis.Clinical significance
Syntaxins serve as a substrate for botulinum neurotoxin type C, a metalloprotease that blocks exocytosis and has high affinity for a molecular complex that includes the alpha-latrotoxin receptor which produces explosive exocytosis.
The expression level of STX1A is directly correlated with intelligence in Williams syndrome.Interactions
STX1A has been shown to interact with:
- CPLX1,
- CFTR,
- NAPA,
- RNF40,
- SCNN1G,
- SLC6A1,
- SNAP-25,
- SNAP23,
- STXBP1,
- STXBP5,
- SYT1
- UNC13B,
- VAMP2, and
- VAMP8.
