SNCF Class X 3800


The SNCF X 3800 class are diesel railcars with an elevated off-center control cabin. It is often said that they were nicknamed “Picassos” because the off-center cabin was reminiscent of paintings by Pablo Picasso featuring faces where the eyes and nose were completely offset. The nickname may though have come from the number of early paint schemes applied to the class.
The X3800 served on secondary lines all over the French rail network. The elevated control cabin allowed the railcars to operate in forward and reverse modes, allowing for ease of operation. One example is preserved at the Cité du Train.

Technical Details

The X 3800 featured a mechanical transmission with a truck-type clutch and gearbox. The units had a 20m long carbody that rested on two bogies, and weighed 34 tonnes. They ran at speeds of up to . They could haul unpowered trailers and could be operated singly or twinned with other units. The direct mechanical engine controls required each powered unit to have its own driver so they could not be operated as true multiple units. Units were built with two types of diesel engines: Renault 517 diesel powered units 3801 to 3835 and a Saurer BZDS diesel powered units 3836 to 3856. The units were designed to be robust and simple, often parked outside in the winter. The driver sat facing sideways in a raised cabin above the engine compartment, accessed from the baggage compartment. The main mechanical controls were directly connected by levers to the diesel engine, clutch and gearbox. The units were widely used from the 1950s to the 1980s, particularly on secondary lines with often poorer quality track than the main lines, at a lower cost than comparable steam trains of the era. The units were reliable and, from the end opposite the engine compartment, offered passengers a wide-open view of the track. The diesel engines produced 300 hp and were water-cooled. The X 3800 burned 50–55 litres of diesel fuel per 100 km, giving the unit a range of about. The car bodies were of welded construction.
The X 3800 were built from 1950 to 1961. 251 units were built, given unit numbers X 3801 to X 4051 by the SNCF. Each X 3800 could hold 62 passengers, with smoking and non-smoking compartments, a toilet, and a baggage area located behind the engine compartment

Routes Served

The X 3800 units were used on the majority of non-electrified lines across the entirety of France. Some of the routes served include:

Operating

This unit has been represented in HO scale by the Jouef, LS Models, Mistral Trains Models groups and the Editions Atlas, as well as N scale by Transmondia. In O scale, AMJL offered Picasso kits or assembled.

Anecdotes

X 4046 preserved by l'association Autorail Lorraine Champagne-Ardenne, served as the setting for the song by Laurent Voulzy, "Paradoxal Système" in 1992.

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