SINCGARS


Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System is a Combat Net Radio currently used by U.S. and allied military forces. The CNR network is designed around three systems: SINCGARS, the high frequency radio, and the SC tactical satellite. Each system has different capabilities and transmission characteristics. SINCGARS is a family of user-owned and operated, very high frequency-frequency modulation CNRs. As a part of the CNR network,the SINCGARS’ primary role is voice transmission for command and control between surface and airborne C2 assets. SINCGARS can transmit and receive secure data and facsimile transmissions through simple connections with various data terminal equipment.
SINCGARS electronic attack security features provide multiservice, Army, Marine, Navy, and Air Force communications interoperability, thus contributing to successful combat operations. SINCGARS is consistent with North Atlantic Treaty Organization interoperability requirements. The radios, which handle voice and data communications, are designed to be reliable, secure, and easily maintained. Vehicle-mount, backpack, airborne, and handheld form factors are available.
Joint and combined operations require exchanging information, both voice and data, among and between participating forces. The fielded capabilities of the Single-Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System tactical radio have provided secure, low probability of intercept/electronic attack voice communications in the frequency hop mode. Enhancements to SINCGARS provide for the exchange of secure data through the evolving Army and Marine Corps tactical Internets, enabling increased situational awareness and more expedient engagement of the enemy while reducing the probability of fratricide. In addition, the Enhanced Position Location Reporting System is used by military forces to provide C2 data distribution, battlefield situation awareness, and position location services.
The SINCGARS family has mostly replaced the Vietnam War-era synthesized single frequency radios, although it can work with them. The airborne AN/ARC-201 radio is phasing out the older tactical air-to-ground radios.
The SINCGARS is designed on a modular basis to achieve maximum commonality among various ground, maritime, and airborne configurations. A common receiver transmitter is used in the ground configurations. The modular design also reduces the burden on the logistics system to provide repair parts.
The SINCGARS can operate in either the SC or frequency hop mode, and stores both SC frequencies and FH loadsets. The system is compatible with all current U.S. and allied VHF-FM radios in the SC, non-secure mode. The SINCGARS operates on any of 2320 channels between 30 and 88 megahertz with a channel separation of 25 kilohertz. It accepts either digital or analog inputs and superimposes the signal onto a radio frequency carrier wave. In FH mode, the input changes frequency about 100 times per second over portions of the tactical VHF-FM range. These continual changes in frequency hinder threat intercept and jamming units from locating or disrupting friendly communications. The SINCGARS provides data rates up to 16,000 bits per second. Enhanced data modes provide packet and RS-232 data. The enhanced data modes available with the System Improvement Program and Advanced System Improvement Program radios also enable forward error correction, and increased speed, range,and accuracy of data transmissions.
Most ground SINCGARS radios have the ability to control output power; however, most airborne SINCGARS radio sets are fixed power.Those RTs with power settings can vary transmission range from approximately 200 meters to 10 kilometers . Adding a power amplifier increases the line of sight range to approximately 40 km. The variable output power level allows users to operate on the minimum power necessary to maintain reliable communications, thus lessening the electromagnetic signature given off by their radio sets. This ability is of particular importance at major command posts, which operate in multiple networks.
SC CNR users outside the FH network can use a hailing method to request access to the network. When hailing a network, a user outside the network contacts the network control station on the cue frequency. In the active FH mode, the SINCGARS radio gives audible and visual signals to the operator that an external subscriber wants to communicate with the FH network. The SINCGARS operator must change to the cue frequency to communicate with the outside radio system.The network can be set to a manual frequency for initial network activation. The manual frequency provides a common frequency for all members of the network to verify that the equipment is operational. During initial net activation, all operators in the net tune to the manual frequency. After communications are established, the net switches to the FH mode and the NCS transfers the hopping variables to the out stations.
Over 570,000 radios have been purchased. There have been several system improvement programs, including the Integrated Communications Security models, which have provided integrated voice and data encryption, the Special Improvement Program models, which add additional data modes, and the advanced SIP models, which are less than half the size and weight of ICOM and SIP models and provided enhanced FEC data modes, RS-232 asynchronous data, Packet Data formats, and direct interfacing to Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver devices providing radio level situational awareness capability.
In 1992, the U.S. Air Force awarded a contract to replace the AN/ARC-188 for communications between Air Force aircraft and Army units.

Timeline

RT-1523 VHF radio configurations

ConfigurationDescription
AN/VRC-87Vehicular 5 watt short-range
AN/MRC-145Vehicular 50 watt radio system with two RT-1523s and a HMMWV assigned to the system
AN/VRC-88Vehicular 5 watt short-range dismountable – with manpack accessories
AN/VRC-89Vehicular 50 watt long-range/short-range
AN/VRC-90Vehicular 50 watt long-range
AN/VRC-91Vehicular 50 watt long-range dismountable short-range – with manpack accessories
AN/VRC-92Vehicular 50 watt dual long-range – plus 2nd power amp and retrans cable
AN/PRC-1195 watt manpack

Ancillary items